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Elastic modulus. Physical property that measures stiffness of material. An elastic modulus (also known as modulus of elasticity) is the unit of measurement of an object's or substance's resistance to being deformed elastically (i.e., non-permanently) when a stress is applied to it.
Young's modulus is defined as the ratio of the stress (force per unit area) applied to the object and the resulting axial strain (displacement or deformation) in the linear elastic region of the material. Although Young's modulus is named after the 19th-century British scientist Thomas Young, the concept was developed in 1727 by Leonhard Euler.
Calculations. The stiffness, of a body is a measure of the resistance offered by an elastic body to deformation. For an elastic body with a single degree of freedom (DOF) (for example, stretching or compression of a rod), the stiffness is defined as where, F {\displaystyle F} is the force on the body.
The properties involving multiplication, division, and exponentiation generally require that a and n are integers. Identity: (a mod n) mod n = a mod n. nx mod n = 0 for all positive integer values of x. If p is a prime number which is not a divisor of b, then abp−1 mod p = a mod p, due to Fermat's little theorem.
e. In physics and materials science, elasticity is the ability of a body to resist a distorting influence and to return to its original size and shape when that influence or force is removed. Solid objects will deform when adequate loads are applied to them; if the material is elastic, the object will return to its initial shape and size after ...
In physics, Hooke's law is an empirical law which states that the force (F) needed to extend or compress a spring by some distance (x) scales linearly with respect to that distance—that is, F s = kx, where k is a constant factor characteristic of the spring (i.e., its stiffness), and x is small compared to the total possible deformation of the spring.
The three-point bending flexural test provides values for the modulus of elasticity in bending , flexural stress , flexural strain and the flexural stress–strain response of the material. This test is performed on a universal testing machine (tensile testing machine or tensile tester) with a three-point or four-point bend fixture.
t. e. In quantum mechanics, wave function collapse, also called reduction of the state vector, [1] occurs when a wave function —initially in a superposition of several eigenstates —reduces to a single eigenstate due to interaction with the external world. This interaction is called an observation and is the essence of a measurement in ...