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2. Pulsed DC - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulsed_DC

   Pulsed DC (PDC) or pulsating direct current is a periodic current which changes in value but never changes direction. Some authors use the term pulsed DC to describe a signal consisting of one or more rectangular ("flat-topped"), rather than sinusoidal, pulses. [1] Pulsed DC is commonly produced from AC (alternating current) by a half-wave ...

3. Gas-discharge lamp - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas-discharge_lamp

   A flicker light bulb, flicker flame light bulb or flicker glow lamp is a gas-discharge lamp which produces light by ionizing a gas, usually neon mixed with helium and a small amount of nitrogen gas, by an electric current passing through two flame shaped electrode screens coated with partially decomposed barium azide. The ionized gas moves ...

4. LED circuit - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LED_circuit

   Many systems pulse LEDs on and off, by applying power periodically or intermittently. So long as the flicker rate is greater than the human flicker fusion threshold, and the LED is stationary relative to the eye, the LED will appear to be continuously lit. Varying the on/off ratio of the pulses is known as pulse-width modulation (PWM). In some ...

5. Mercury-vapor lamp - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury-vapor_lamp

   Some bulbs include a thermal switch which shorts the starting electrode to the adjacent main electrode, extinguishing the starting arc once the main arc strikes. The mercury-vapor lamp is a negative resistance device. This means its resistance decreases as the current through the tube increases. So if the lamp is connected directly to a ...

6. High-intensity discharge lamp - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-intensity_discharge_lamp

   Diagram of a high-pressure sodium lamp A high-pressure sodium lamp, Philips Master SDW-T 100W. Various types of chemistry are used in the arc tubes of HID lamps, depending on the desired characteristics of light intensity, correlated color temperature, color rendering index (CRI), energy efficiency, and lifespan.

7. Constant current - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constant_current

   In electronics, a constant current system is one that varies the voltage across a load to maintain a constant electric current.When a component is indicated to be driven by a constant current, the driver circuit is, in essence, a current regulator and must appear to the component as a current source of suitable reliability.