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Pedagogy (/ ˈ p ɛ d ə ɡ ɒ dʒ i,-ɡ oʊ dʒ i,-ɡ ɒ ɡ i /), most commonly understood as the approach to teaching, is the theory and practice of learning, and how this process influences, and is influenced by, the social, political, and psychological development of learners. Pedagogy, taken as an academic discipline, is the study of how ...
Henry Armand Giroux (born September 19, 1943) is an American and Canadian scholar and cultural critic.One of the founding theorists of critical pedagogy in the United States, he is best known for his pioneering work in public pedagogy, cultural studies, youth studies, higher education, media studies, and critical theory.
The term banking model of education was first used by Paulo Freire in his highly influential book Pedagogy of the Oppressed. [1] [2] Freire describes this form of education as "fundamentally narrative (in) character" [3]: 57 with the teacher as the subject (that is, the active participant) and the students as passive objects.
In the book, Freire calls traditional pedagogy the "banking model of education" because it treats the student as an empty vessel to be filled with knowledge, like a piggy bank. He argues that pedagogy should instead treat the learner as a co-creator of knowledge. [1] As of 2000, the book had sold over 750,000 copies worldwide.
His influential work Pedagogy of the Oppressed is generally considered one of the foundational texts of the critical pedagogy movement, [38] [39] [40] and was the third most cited book in the social sciences as of 2016 according to Google Scholar.
Critical pedagogy was founded by the Brazilian philosopher and educator Paulo Freire, who promoted it through his 1968 book, Pedagogy of the Oppressed. It subsequently spread internationally, developing a particularly strong base in the United States, where proponents sought to develop means of using teaching to combat racism , sexism , and ...
Education sciences, [1] also known as education studies or education theory, and traditionally called pedagogy, [2] seek to describe, understand, and prescribe education including education policy. Subfields include comparative education , educational research , instructional theory , curriculum theory and psychology , philosophy , sociology ...
In the first book Herbart discusses the general aim of education. The teacher is a guide to moral development of students and must create a relationship with the students that enables them to construct an inner censor for good and evil. [2] Herbart also discusses the role of the authority in the education of children.