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Cannabis use during pregnancy should be avoided. [80] There is no known safe dose of cannabis while pregnant and use of cannabis may lead to birth defects, pre-term birth, or low birth weight. [80] Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), an active ingredient in cannabis, can both cross the placenta and accumulates in high concentrations in breast milk. [81]
Some state that metronidazole should not be used in early pregnancy, while others state doses for trichomoniasis are safe. [1] [weasel words] Metronidazole is generally considered compatible with breastfeeding. [1] [12] Metronidazole began to be commercially used in 1960 in France. [13]
In addition, bacterial vaginosis as either pre-existing, or acquired, may increase the risk of pregnancy complications, most notably premature birth or miscarriage. [25] [26] Pregnant women with BV have a higher risk of chorioamnionitis, miscarriage, preterm birth, premature rupture of membranes, and postpartum endometritis. [27]
Signs and symptoms of pregnancy are common, benign conditions that result from the changes to the body that occur during pregnancy. Signs and symptoms of pregnancy typically change as pregnancy progresses, although several symptoms may be present throughout. Depending on severity, common symptoms in pregnancy can develop into complications ...
Penicillins, cephalosporins, and fosfomycin are safe options during pregnancy. [35] Nitrofurantoin is typically avoided during the first trimester due to uncertain associations with congenital anomalies. [36] TMP/SMX should also be avoided as it may be associated with impaired folate metabolism, which increases the risk of neural tube defects.
Gram stain of cells from the vagina (the same magnification) with normal bacterial flora (top) and the bacteria that cause vaginosis (bottom). A variety of diagnosis techniques are currently available for identifying Gardnerella vaginalis such as the OSOM BV Blue assay, FemExam cards and nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs), resulting in the determination of ongoing BV.
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In addition, providers should interview people suspected to have chorioamnionitis about whether they are experiencing signs and symptoms at scheduled obstetrics visits during pregnancy, including whether the individual has experienced excretion vaginally, febrile, or abdominal pain. [8]