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A texture map (left). The corresponding normal map in tangent space (center). The normal map applied to a sphere in object space (right). Normal map reuse is made possible by encoding maps in tangent space. The tangent space is a vector space, which is tangent to the model's surface. The coordinate system varies smoothly (based on the ...
The target application, normal mapping, is an extension of bump mapping that simulates lighting on geometric surfaces by reading surface normals from a rectilinear grid analogous to a texture map - giving simple models the impression of increased complexity. This additional channel however increases the load on the graphics system's memory ...
The other method is to specify a normal map which contains the modified normal for each point on the surface directly. Since the normal is specified directly instead of derived from a height map this method usually leads to more predictable results. This makes it easier for artists to work with, making it the most common method of bump mapping ...
Texture streaming is a means of using data streams for textures, where each texture is available in two or more different resolutions, as to determine which texture should be loaded into memory and used based on draw distance from the viewer and how much memory is available for textures. Texture streaming allows a rendering engine to use low ...
This illustration shows how a cube map is indexed and addressed. A cube texture indexes six texture maps from 0 to 5 in order Positive X, Negative X, Positive Y, Negative Y, Positive Z, Negative Z. [5] [6] The images are stored with the origin at the lower left of the image. The Positive X and Y faces must reverse the Z coordinate and the ...
Parallax mapping is essentially a method by which rough or uneven surfaces on a 2D texture can be "pulled out" to take on the appearance of a 3D surface. Technically, this is implemented by displacing the texture coordinates at a point on the rendered polygon by a function of the view angle in tangent space (the angle relative to the surface ...
Example of texture splatting, except an additional alphamap is applied. In computer graphics, texture splatting is a method for combining different textures.It works by applying an alphamap (also called a "weightmap" or a "splat map") to the higher levels, thereby revealing the layers underneath where the alphamap is partially or completely transparent.
In computer graphics, relief mapping is a texture mapping technique first introduced in 2000 [1] used to render the surface details of three-dimensional objects accurately and efficiently. [2] It can produce accurate depictions of self-occlusion, self-shadowing, and parallax. [3] It is a form of short-distance ray tracing done in a pixel shader.