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Resulting optical noise factor is F pnf = SNR pnf,in / SNR pnf,out = 2n sp (1-1/G)+1/G. F pnf is in conceptual conflict [9] [10] with the electrical noise factor, which is now called F e: Photocurrent I is proportional to optical power P. P is proportional to squares of a field amplitude (electric or magnetic). So, the receiver is nonlinear in ...
For both systems, also increasing the size of pipes and air canals would help to reduce noise and the energy consumption of pumps (and ventilators) by decreasing the speed of the fluid, which in turn lowers the Reynolds number and hence the turbulence (and noise) and the head loss (see hydraulic head).
The noise factor (a linear term) is more often expressed as the noise figure (in decibels) using the conversion: = The noise figure can also be seen as the decrease in signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) caused by passing a signal through a system if the original signal had a noise temperature of 290 K. This is a common way of expressing the noise ...
In telecommunications, effective input noise temperature is the source noise temperature in a two-port network or amplifier that will result in the same output noise power, when connected to a noise-free network or amplifier, as that of the actual network or amplifier connected to a noise-free source.
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Friis's formula is used to calculate the total noise factor of a cascade of stages, each with its own noise factor and power gain (assuming that the impedances are matched at each stage). The total noise factor can then be used to calculate the total noise figure. The total noise factor is given as
where f 0 is the output frequency, Q l is the loaded quality factor, f m is the offset from the output frequency (Hz), f c is the 1/f corner frequency, F is the noise factor of the amplifier, k is the Boltzmann constant, T is absolute temperature, and P s is the available power at the sustaining amplifier input.
The San Antonio Spurs announced Wednesday that head coach Gregg Popovich suffered a mild stroke at the start of November, leading to his recent indefinite medical absence from the team.