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He postulated rules and patterns that, when atoms followed these rules, they were likely to form glasses. The following rules make up Zachariasen's theory, applying only to oxide glasses. [2] Each oxygen atom in a glass can be bonded to no more than two glass-forming cations; The coordination number of the glass forming cation is 3 or 4
This type of structural arrangement is known as cubic close packing (ccp). The unit cell of a ccp arrangement of atoms is the face-centered cubic (fcc) unit cell. This is not immediately obvious as the closely packed layers are parallel to the {111} planes of the fcc unit cell. There are four different orientations of the close-packed layers.
The four rules for the formation of a glass from an oxide are: An oxygen atom is linked to no more than two glass-forming atoms A. The number of oxygen atoms around each glass-forming atom A is small, perhaps 3 or 4. Among the oxygen-containing polyhedra, a polyhedron cation A shares corners, but no sides or faces.
Crystals of amethyst quartz Microscopically, a single crystal has atoms in a near-perfect periodic arrangement; a polycrystal is composed of many microscopic crystals (called "crystallites" or "grains"); and an amorphous solid (such as glass) has no periodic arrangement even microscopically.
In geometry and crystallography, a Bravais lattice is a category of translative symmetry groups (also known as lattices) in three directions. Such symmetry groups consist of translations by vectors of the form R = n 1 a 1 + n 2 a 2 + n 3 a 3, where n 1, n 2, and n 3 are integers and a 1, a 2, and a 3 are three non-coplanar vectors, called ...
The term glass has its origins in the late Roman Empire, in the Roman glass making centre at Trier (located in current-day Germany) where the late-Latin term glesum originated, likely from a Germanic word for a transparent, lustrous substance. [31] Glass objects have been recovered across the Roman Empire [32] in domestic, funerary, [33] and ...
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In a string-net liquid, atoms have apparently unstable arrangement, like a liquid, but are still consistent in overall pattern, like a solid. When in a normal solid state, the atoms of matter align themselves in a grid pattern, so that the spin of any electron is the opposite of the spin of all electrons touching it.