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  2. Identity of indiscernibles - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Identity_of_indiscernibles

    A form of the principle is attributed to the German philosopher Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz. While some think that Leibniz's version of the principle is meant to be only the indiscernibility of identicals, others have interpreted it as the conjunction of the identity of indiscernibles and the indiscernibility of identicals (the converse principle).

  3. Ontological argument - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ontological_argument

    German philosopher Gottfried Leibniz attempted to prove the coherence of a "supremely perfect being". Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz saw a problem with Descartes' ontological argument: that Descartes had not asserted the coherence of a "supremely perfect" being. He proposed that, unless the coherence of a supremely perfect being could be ...

  4. Law of identity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law_of_identity

    Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz claimed that the law of identity, which he expresses as "Everything is what it is", is the first primitive truth of reason which is affirmative, and the law of noncontradiction is the first negative truth (Nouv. Ess. IV, 2, § i), arguing that "the statement that a thing is what it is, is prior to the statement that it ...

  5. Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gottfried_Wilhelm_Leibniz

    Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (or Leibnitz; [a] 1 July 1646 [O.S. 21 June] – 14 November 1716) was a German polymath active as a mathematician, philosopher, scientist and diplomat who is credited, alongside Sir Isaac Newton, with the creation of calculus in addition to many other branches of mathematics, such as binary arithmetic and statistics.

  6. Ontology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ontology

    Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (1646–1716), by contrast, said that the universe is made up of many simple substances, which are synchronized but do not interact with one another. [197] John Locke (1632–1704) proposed his substratum theory, which says that each object has a featureless substratum that supports the object's properties. [198]

  7. Characteristica universalis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Characteristica_universalis

    Because Leibniz never described the characteristica universalis in operational detail, many philosophers have deemed it an absurd fantasy. In this vein, Parkinson wrote: Leibniz's views about the systematic character of all knowledge are linked with his plans for a universal symbolism, a Characteristica Universalis. This was to be a calculus ...

  8. Best of all possible worlds - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Best_of_all_possible_worlds

    Leibniz claims that God's choice is caused not only by its being the most reasonable, but also by God's perfect goodness, a traditional claim about God which Leibniz accepted. [2] [b] As Leibniz says in §55, God's goodness causes him to produce the best world. Hence, the best possible world, or "greatest good" as Leibniz called it in this work ...

  9. Monadology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monadology

    Leibniz surmised that there are indefinitely many substances individually 'programmed' to act in a predetermined way, each substance being coordinated with all the others. This is the pre-established harmony which solved the mind-body problem , but at the cost of declaring any interaction between substances a mere appearance.