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  2. Current loop - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Current_loop

    Easy conversion to voltage using a resistor. Loop-powered "I to P" (current to pressure) converters can convert the 4–20 mA signal to a 3–15 psi pneumatic output for control valves, allowing easy integration of 4–20 mA signals into existing pneumatic plant.

  3. Instrumentation in petrochemical industries - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instrumentation_in...

    For air-operated control valves, electrical signals from the control system are converted to an air pressure for the valve actuator in a current/pneumatic I/P converter. Upon loss of pneumatic or hydraulic pressure valves may fail to an open (FO) or fail to a closed (FC) position. Some instrumentation is self actuating.

  4. List of conversion factors - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_conversion_factors

    The difference in electric potential across two points along a conducting wire carrying one ampere of constant current when the power dissipated between the points equals one watt. [ 32 ] = 1 V = 1 W/A = 1 kg⋅m 2 /(A⋅s 3 ) = 1 J/C

  5. Pascal (unit) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pascal_(unit)

    In medicine, blood pressure is measured in millimeters of mercury (mmHg, very close to one Torr). The normal adult blood pressure is less than 120 mmHg systolic BP (SBP) and less than 80 mmHg diastolic BP (DBP). [16] Convert mmHg to SI units as follows: 1 mmHg = 0.133 32 kPa. Hence the normal blood pressure in SI units is less than 16.0 kPa SBP ...

  6. Sources of electrical energy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sources_of_electrical_energy

    In addition, these piezoelectric sensors are able to convert pressure, force, vibration, or shock into electrical energy. Being capable only of measuring active events, they are also used in flow meters, accelerometers and level detectors, as well as motor vehicles, to sense changes in the transmission, fuel injection and coolant pressure. When ...

  7. Paschen's law - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paschen's_law

    With a constant pressure, the voltage needed to cause an arc reduced as the gap size was reduced but only to a point. As the gap was reduced further, the voltage required to cause an arc began to rise and again exceeded its original value. For a given gas, the voltage is a function only of the product of the pressure and gap length.

  8. Electric power conversion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_power_conversion

    In electrical engineering, power conversion is the process of converting electric energy from one form to another. A power converter is an electrical device for converting electrical energy between alternating current (AC) and direct current (DC). It can also change the voltage or frequency of the current.

  9. Pressure - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pressure

    For gases, pressure is sometimes measured not as an absolute pressure, but relative to atmospheric pressure; such measurements are called gauge pressure. An example of this is the air pressure in an automobile tire, which might be said to be "220 kPa (32 psi)", but is actually 220 kPa (32 psi) above atmospheric pressure. Since atmospheric ...