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Powers of 2 appear in set theory, since a set with n members has a power set, the set of all of its subsets, which has 2 n members. Integer powers of 2 are important in computer science. The positive integer powers 2 n give the number of possible values for an n-bit integer binary number; for example, a byte may take 2 8 = 256 different values.
For example, density (mass divided by volume, in units of kg/m 3) is said to be a "quotient", whereas mass fraction (mass divided by mass, in kg/kg or in percent) is a "ratio". [8] Specific quantities are intensive quantities resulting from the quotient of a physical quantity by mass, volume, or other measures of the system "size". [3]
Derivations of product, quotient, and power rules [ edit ] These are the three main logarithm laws/rules/principles, [ 3 ] from which the other properties listed above can be proven.
If n is a power of an odd prime number the formula for the totient says its totient can be a power of two only if n is a first power and n − 1 is a power of 2. The primes that are one more than a power of 2 are called Fermat primes, and only five are known: 3, 5, 17, 257, and 65537. Fermat and Gauss knew of these.
Product, quotient, power, and root [ edit ] The logarithm of a product is the sum of the logarithms of the numbers being multiplied; the logarithm of the ratio of two numbers is the difference of the logarithms.
An ideal can be used to construct a quotient ring in a way similar to how, in group theory, a normal subgroup can be used to construct a quotient group. Among the integers, the ideals correspond one-for-one with the non-negative integers: in this ring, every ideal is a principal ideal consisting of the multiples of a single non-negative number ...
The quotient group is the same idea, although one ends up with a group for a final answer instead of a number because groups have more structure than an arbitrary collection of objects: in the quotient / , the group structure is used to form a natural "regrouping".
In calculus, the power rule is used to differentiate functions of the form () =, whenever is a real number. Since differentiation is a linear operation on the space of differentiable functions, polynomials can also be differentiated using this rule.