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Pringle contributed in the past thirty years many key results to accretion disk theory, and wrote the classic 1981 review that for many years was the main source of information about accretion disks, and is still very useful today. Simulation by J.A. Marck of optical appearance of Schwarzschild black hole with thin (Keplerian) disk
Size comparison of the event horizons of the black holes of TON 618 and Phoenix A.The orbit of Neptune (white oval) is included for comparison. As a quasar, TON 618 is believed to be the active galactic nucleus at the center of a galaxy, the engine of which is a supermassive black hole feeding on intensely hot gas and matter in an accretion disc.
SMSS J215728.21-360215.1, commonly known as J2157-3602, is one of the fastest growing black holes and one of the most powerful quasars known to exist as of 2021.The quasar is located at redshift 4.75, [1] corresponding to a comoving distance of 2.5 × 10 10 ly from Earth and to a light-travel distance of 1.25 × 10 10 ly.
Astronomers can detect only accretion disks around black holes, where material moves with such speed that friction creates high-energy radiation that can be detected (similarly, some matter from these accretion disks is forced out along the axis of spin of the black hole, creating visible jets when these streams interact with matter such as ...
A black hole with modest angular momentum has an ergosphere with a shape approximated by an oblate spheroid, while faster spins produce a more pumpkin-shaped ergosphere. The equatorial (maximal) radius of an ergosphere is the Schwarzschild radius, the radius of a non-rotating black hole. The polar (minimal) radius is also the polar (minimal ...
The double-burst variability is thought to result from the smaller black hole punching through the accretion disc of the larger black hole twice in every 12 years. [5] A secondary black hole orbits the larger one with an observed orbital period of approximately 12 years and a calculated eccentricity of approximately 0.65. [4]
The Penrose process (also called Penrose mechanism) is theorised by Sir Roger Penrose as a means whereby energy can be extracted from a rotating black hole. [1] [2] [3] The process takes advantage of the ergosphere – a region of spacetime around the black hole dragged by its rotation faster than the speed of light, meaning that from the point of view of an outside observer any matter inside ...
Its small size may make it a candidate for the smallest black hole discovered. [5] However, as of 2017 its mass was described as "unknown". [6] Observations by the Chandra X-ray Observatory in 2011 discovered that it produces the fastest winds ever coming from an accretion disk at 3,218,688 km/h (20 million mph) making it about 3% of the speed ...