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The reading span task was the first instance of the family of complex span tasks, which differ from the traditional simple span tasks by adding a processing demand to the requirement to remember a list of items. In complex span tasks encoding of the memory items (e.g., words) alternates with brief processing episodes (e.g., reading sentences).
The WAIS-5 introduces several new subtests, particularly in the working memory domain, with Digit Span Sequencing and Running Digits now being the core subtests that compose the Working Memory Index. Digit Span Forward, Digit Span Backward, and Letter-Number Sequencing may also be used to construct the Expanded Working Memory Index.
This number is known as the Corsi Span, and average is about 5–6 for normal human subjects. An fMRI study involving subjects undergoing this test revealed that while the sequence length increases, general brain activity remains the same. So while humans may show encoding difficulty, this is not related to overall brain activation.
In addition to VIQ, PIQ, and FSIQ scores, four new index scores were introduced: the Verbal Comprehension Index (VCI), the Perceptual Organization Index (POI), the Freedom from Distractibility Index (FDI), and the Processing Speed Index (PSI). The WISC-IV was produced in 2003. The WISC-V was published in 2014. The WISC-V has a total of 21 subtests.
Later research on short-term memory and working memory revealed that memory span is not a constant even when measured in a number of chunks. The number of chunks a human can recall immediately after presentation depends on the category of chunks used (e.g., span is around seven for digits, around six for letters, and around five for words), and even on features of the chunks within a category.
The backward digit span test is more complex than the forward digit span test, and it has a significantly higher g loading. Similarly, the g loadings of arithmetic computation, spelling, and word reading tests are lower than those of arithmetic problem solving, text composition, and reading comprehension tests, respectively.
Trained interviewers administered the test at the end of a face-to-face private interview in an examination center and two interviewers independently scored the test. An extensive analysis of these data has been published. [10] Scores (mean, 25th percentile, 75th percentile) declined with age: 60-69y: 57, 46, 68; 70-79y: 48, 38, 68; 80+y: 40 ...
The test can be used to measure both short-term and long-term spatial memory, depending on the length of time between test and recall. The test was created by Canadian neuropsychologist Phillip Corsi, who modeled it after Hebb's digit span task by replacing the numerical test items with spatial ones. On average, most participants achieve a span ...