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Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, later Prime Minister of Turkey and President of Turkey, served as mayor of Istanbul from 1994 to 1998. [ 53 ] In 2013, Taksim Square was the center of the Gezi Park protests , where protesters protested a wide range of concerns at the core of which were issues of freedom of the press, of expression, assembly, and the ...
Map of Constantinople (1422) by Florentine cartographer Cristoforo Buondelmonti [44] is the oldest surviving map of the city, and the only one that predates the Turkish conquest of the city in 1453. The current Hagia Sophia was commissioned by Emperor Justinian I after the previous one was destroyed in the Nika riots of 532. It was converted ...
6 April-29 May: Final Siege of Constantinople; City besieged by Ottoman forces; Mehmed II in power. Capital of the Ottoman Empire relocated to Constantinople from Edirne. [5] Hagia Sophia (converted from Orthodox cathedral to mosque) in use. [6] Medrese predecessor of Istanbul University established. Population: 40,000–50,000; 1454
The occupation of Istanbul (Turkish: İstanbul'un işgali) or occupation of Constantinople (12 November 1918 – 4 October 1923), the capital of the Ottoman Empire, by British, French, Italian, and Greek forces, took place in accordance with the Armistice of Mudros, which ended Ottoman participation in the First World War. The first French ...
The distance from the Istanbul mainland changes between 13 and 25 km (8.1 and 15.5 mi), the closest being Kınalıada and farthest being Tavşanadası. Excluding Yassıada, Sivriada and Tavşanadası, all of the archipelago is located on a 12-kilometre long (7.5 mi) line running from northwest (Kınalıada) to southeast (Sedefadası).
Mehmed the Conqueror captures Constantinople and declares it the new capital of the Ottoman Empire (29 May 1453) Constantinople during the Ottoman era (1453–1922) Suleiman the Magnificent 's reign from 1520 to 1566 is a period of great artistic and architectural achievements
Istanbul's first private university, Koç University, was founded as late as 1992, because private universities were not allowed in Turkey before the 1982 amendment to the constitution. [313] Istanbul is also home to several conservatories and art schools, including Mimar Sinan Academy of Fine Arts , founded in 1882.
Map of Constantinople in the Byzantine Era (before the Ottoman conquest) Sultan Bayezid I considered taking Constantinople, but he was occupied with wars in the west and east and did not want to divert significant forces to storm the well-fortified city. He decided to take Constantinople by force, and for seven years, beginning in 1394, he ...