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Traction is a set of mechanisms for straightening broken bones or relieving pressure on the spine [1] and skeletal system. There are two types of traction: skin traction and skeletal traction. There are two types of traction: skin traction and skeletal traction.
Orthopedic implant example seen with X-ray. An orthopedic implant is a medical device manufactured to replace a missing joint or bone, or to support a damaged bone. [1] The medical implant is mainly fabricated using stainless steel and titanium alloys for strength and the plastic coating that is done on it acts as an artificial cartilage. [2]
Traction involves using a pulling force to align bones and reduce fractures, particularly in cases involving the spine, pelvis, or long bones. It can be achieved through a variety of mechanisms, including skin traction (using adhesive materials attached to the skin) or skeletal traction (which involves pins or wires placed directly into the bone).
Halo-gravity traction (HGT) is a type of traction device utilized to treat spinal deformities such as scoliosis, [1] [2] congenital spine deformities, cervical instability, basilar invagination, and kyphosis. [3] It is used prior to surgical treatment to reduce the difficulty of the following surgery and the need for a more dangerous surgery.
In traction of the femur for example, the protruding ends of the wire are fixed to the legs of a horseshoe shaped frame which maintains tension in the wire while the crook of the horseshoe is attached via line and pulleys to weights which maintain the traction. They can be used for temporary joint immobilization.
Once the fragments are reduced, the reduction is maintained by application of casts, traction, or held by plates, screws, or other implants, which may in turn be external or internal. It is very important to verify the accuracy of reduction by clinical tests and X-ray, especially in the case of joint dislocations.
External fixation is a surgical treatment wherein Kirschner pins and wires are inserted and affixed into bone and then exit the body to be attached to an external apparatus composed of rings and threaded rods — the Ilizarov apparatus, the Taylor Spatial Frame, and the Octopod External Fixator — which immobilises the damaged limb to facilitate healing. [1]
A traction splint most commonly refers to a splinting device that uses straps attaching over the pelvis or hip as an anchor, a metal rod(s) to mimic normal bone stability and limb length, and a mechanical device to apply traction (used in an attempt to reduce pain, realign the limb, and minimize vascular and neurological complication) to the limb.