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United States. [1][2] The motor vehicle exception allows officers to search a vehicle without a search warrant if they have probable cause to believe that evidence or contraband is in the vehicle. [3] The exception is based on the idea that there is a lower expectation of privacy in motor vehicles because of the regulations under which they ...
A company car is a vehicle which companies or organizations lease or own and which employees use for their personal and business travel. [1] A take-home vehicle is a vehicle which can be taken home by company employees. Depending on the company, company cars may be available to all employees or just top-level personnel.
Spinelli v. United States (1969) Illinois v. Gates, 462 U.S. 213 (1983), is a Fourth Amendment case. [1] Gates overruled Aguilar v. Texas [2] and Spinelli v. United States, [3] thereby replacing the Aguilar–Spinelli test for probable cause with the "totality of the circumstances" test.
Illinois v. Caballes, 543 U.S. 405 (2005), is a decision by the Supreme Court of the United States in which the Court held that the use of a drug-sniffing police dog during a routine traffic stop does not violate the Fourth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, even if the initial infraction is unrelated to drug offenses.
Arizona v. Gant, 556 U.S. 332 (2009), was a United States Supreme Court decision holding that the Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution requires law-enforcement officers to demonstrate an actual and continuing threat to their safety posed by an arrestee, or a need to preserve evidence related to the crime of arrest from tampering by the arrestee, in order to justify a warrantless ...
Dec. 19—Policy brings city in line with IRS guidelines A new policy set to be introduced by the Austin City Council addressing the city's take home vehicle policy has caused concerns among ...
A castle doctrine, also known as a castle law or a defense of habitation law, is a legal doctrine that designates a person's abode or any legally occupied place (for example, an automobile or a home) as a place in which that person has protections and immunities permitting one, in certain circumstances, to use force (up to and including deadly force) to defend oneself against an intruder, free ...
Vehicle immobilization is a key part of the act of impounding.. Vehicle impoundment is the legal process of placing a vehicle into an impoundment lot or tow yard, [1] which is a holding place for cars until they are placed back in the control of the owner, recycled for their metal, stripped of their parts at a wrecking yard or auctioned off for the benefit of the impounding agency.