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A hydrogen atom with proton and electron spins aligned (top) undergoes a flip of the electron spin, resulting in emission of a photon with a 21 cm wavelength (bottom) The hydrogen line, 21 centimeter line, or H I line[ a ] is a spectral line that is created by a change in the energy state of solitary, electrically neutral hydrogen atoms.
Debut of the Alstom Coradia iLint, a hydrogen-powered passenger train, at InnoTrans 2016. In transportation, the original (2003) generic term "hydrail" includes hydrogen trains, zero-emission multiple units, or ZEMUs — generic terms describing rail vehicles, large or small, which use on-board hydrogen fuel as a source of energy to power the traction motors, or the auxiliaries, or both.
Hydrogen pipeline transport is a transportation of hydrogen through a pipe as part of the hydrogen infrastructure. Hydrogen pipeline transport is used to connect the point of hydrogen production or delivery of hydrogen with the point of demand, pipeline transport costs are similar to CNG, [9] the technology is proven, [10] however most hydrogen is produced on the place of demand with every 50 ...
Hydrogen is a chemical element; it has symbol H and atomic number 1. It is the lightest element and, at standard conditions, is a gas of diatomic molecules with the formula H2, sometimes called dihydrogen, [11] but more commonly called hydrogen gas, molecular hydrogen or simply hydrogen. It is colorless, odorless, [12] non-toxic, and highly ...
Lyman-alpha. Lyman-alpha, typically denoted by Ly-α, is a spectral line of hydrogen (or, more generally, of any one-electron atom) in the Lyman series. It is emitted when the atomic electron transitions from an n = 2 orbital to the ground state (n = 1), where n is the principal quantum number.
Hydrogen production globally was valued at over US$155 billion in 2022 and is expected to grow over 9% annually through 2030. [ 33 ] In 2021, 94 million tonnes (Mt) of molecular hydrogen (H2) was produced. [ 34 ] Of this total, approximately one sixth was as a by-product of petrochemical industry processes. [ 4 ]
In this process, hydrogen is produced from a chemical reaction between steam and methane, the main component of natural gas. Producing one tonne of hydrogen through this process emits 6.6–9.3 tonnes of carbon dioxide. [4] When carbon capture and storage is used to remove a large fraction of these emissions, the product is known as blue hydrogen.
The characteristic torus-shaped chamber is clad with graphite to help withstand the extreme heat. A tokamak (/ ˈtoʊkəmæk /; Russian: токамáк) is a device which uses a powerful magnetic field generated by external magnets to confine plasma in the shape of an axially symmetrical torus. [ 1 ]