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Failure to thrive (FTT), also known as weight faltering or faltering growth, indicates insufficient weight gain or absence of appropriate physical growth in children. [ 2 ][ 3 ] FTT is usually defined in terms of weight, and can be evaluated either by a low weight for the child's age, or by a low rate of increase in the weight. [ 4 ]
406,000 from nutritional deficiencies (2015) [ 10 ] Malnutrition occurs when an organism gets too few or too many nutrients, resulting in health problems. [ 11 ][ 12 ] Specifically, it is a deficiency, excess, or imbalance of energy, protein and other nutrients which adversely affects the body's tissues and form.
Stunted growth, also known as stunting or linear growth failure, is defined as impaired growth and development manifested by low height-for-age. [1] It is a primary manifestation of malnutrition (or more precisely chronic undernutrition) and recurrent infections, such as diarrhea and helminthiasis, in early childhood and even before birth, due to malnutrition during fetal development brought ...
Protein-Energy Malnutrition (PEM) is another form of malnutrition that affects children. PEM can appear as conditions called marasmus, kwashiorkor, and an intermediate state of marasmus-kwashiorkor. Although malnutrition can have severe and lasting health effects on women and children, they are still susceptible to other water-related dangers. [10]
Stunted children are more likely to develop obesity and chronic diseases upon reaching adulthood. [105] Therefore, malnutrition resulting in stunting can further worsen the obesity epidemic, especially in low and middle income countries. [105] This creates even new economic and social challenges for vulnerable impoverished groups. [105]
Kwashiorkor is a type of severe acute malnutrition (SAM). SAM is a category, composed of two conditions: marasmus and kwashiorkor. [ 9 ] Both kwashiorkor and marasmus fall under the umbrella of protein–energy malnutrition (PEM). [ 10 ] These diseases are oftentimes discussed together, but are distinctly separate conditions of malnutrition.
All children with weight less than 80% of the median weight of children with the same height in the reference population, and/or suffering from oedema, are classified as GAM. [1] The World Health Organization describes Moderate Acute Malnutrition (MAM) as GAM in the 79% - 70% range, and Severe Acute Malnutrition (SAM) as GAM below 70%. [2]
Calorie restriction (also known as caloric restriction or energy restriction) is a dietary regimen that reduces the energy intake from foods and beverages without incurring malnutrition. [ 1 ][ 2 ] The possible effect of calorie restriction on body weight management, longevity, and aging-associated diseases has been an active area of research.