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Programming with Big Data in R (pbdR) [1] is a series of R packages and an environment for statistical computing with big data by using high-performance statistical computation. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] The pbdR uses the same programming language as R with S3/S4 classes and methods which is used among statisticians and data miners for developing statistical ...
RStudio IDE (or RStudio) is an integrated development environment for R, a programming language for statistical computing and graphics. It is available in two formats: RStudio Desktop is a regular desktop application while RStudio Server runs on a remote server and allows accessing RStudio using a web browser.
Smoothstep is a family of sigmoid-like interpolation and clamping functions commonly used in computer graphics, [1] [2] video game engines, [3] and machine learning. [ 4 ] The function depends on three parameters, the input x , the "left edge" and the "right edge", with the left edge being assumed smaller than the right edge.
Blender was initially developed as an in-house application by the Dutch animation studio NeoGeo (no relation to the video game brand), and was officially launched on January 2, 1994. [12] Version 1.00 was released in January 1995, [13] with the primary author being the company co-owner and software developer Ton Roosendaal.
Caustics – bright patches, sometimes with distinct filaments and a folded or twisted appearance, resulting when light is reflected or refracted before illuminating an object. [ 13 ] : 109 In realistic scenes, objects are illuminated both by light that arrives directly from a light source (after passing mostly unimpeded through air), and light ...
matrix symmetry: B is symmetric (equals transpose), while R is nonsymmetric but orthogonal (transpose equals inverse, R T = R −1). The most general proper Lorentz transformation Λ(v, θ) includes a boost and rotation together, and is a nonsymmetric matrix. As special cases, Λ(0, θ) = R(θ) and Λ(v, 0) = B(v). An explicit form of the ...
Artificial intelligence (AI), in its broadest sense, is intelligence exhibited by machines, particularly computer systems.It is a field of research in computer science that develops and studies methods and software that enable machines to perceive their environment and use learning and intelligence to take actions that maximize their chances of achieving defined goals. [1]
Green's functions are also useful tools in solving wave equations and diffusion equations. In quantum mechanics, Green's function of the Hamiltonian is a key concept with important links to the concept of density of states. The Green's function as used in physics is usually defined with the opposite sign, instead.