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[2] [3] It consists of a period of tachypnea (rapid breathing, higher than the normal range of 30–60 times per minute). Usually, this condition resolves over 24–72 hours. Treatment is supportive and may include supplemental oxygen and antibiotics.
Infant respiratory distress syndrome (IRDS), also known as surfactant deficiency disorder (SDD), [2] and previously called hyaline membrane disease (HMD), is a syndrome in premature infants caused by developmental insufficiency of pulmonary surfactant production and structural immaturity in the lungs.
Polysomnography shows that hypoventilation is most marked during slow-wave sleep. Specifically, infants with CCHS usually display lower tidal volumes during sleep, meaning they inhale less air during a normal breath. [20] In the most severe cases, hypoventilation is present during other nonrapid eye movement sleep stages and even wakefulness.
A child who is exhibiting increased work of breathing, but has normal appearance and circulation to skin, can be initially assumed to be in respiratory distress. [3] While the child is having trouble breathing, he or she is getting enough oxygen to perfuse the body well (hence normal circulation) and to oxygenate the brain (preventing mental ...
Labored breathing is distinguished from shortness of breath or dyspnea, which is the sensation of respiratory distress rather than a physical presentation.. Still, many [2] simply define dyspnea as difficulty in breathing without further specification, which may confuse it with e.g. labored breathing or tachypnea (rapid breathing). [3]
The normal relaxed state of the lung and chest is partially empty. Further exhalation requires muscular work. Inhalation is an active process requiring work. [4] Some of this work is to overcome frictional resistance to flow, and part is used to deform elastic tissues, and is stored as potential energy, which is recovered during the passive process of exhalation, Tidal breathing is breathing ...
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High-frequency ventilation (HFV) is a type of mechanical ventilation which utilizes a respiratory rate greater than four times the normal value [1] (>150 (V f) breaths per minute) and very small tidal volumes.