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Abfraction is a theoretical concept explaining a loss of tooth structure not caused by tooth decay (non-carious cervical lesions). It is suggested that these lesions are caused by forces placed on the teeth during biting, eating, chewing and grinding; the enamel , especially at the cementoenamel junction (CEJ), undergoes large amounts of stress ...
Non-carious cervical lesions on an incisor belonging to Australopithecus africanus. Arrows show the location of the lesions. Non-carious cervical lesions (NCCLs) are a group of lesions that are characterised by a loss of hard dental tissue at the cementoenamel junction (CEJ) region at the neck of the tooth, without the action of microorganisms or inflammatory processes. [1]
Abfraction is a form of noncerious cervical lesion, where there is a loss of tooth substance at the cervical margins, purportedly caused by minute flexure of teeth under occlusal loading. This occlusal loading is one factor that interacts with chemical, biological,and behavioral factors in which result in this abfraction.
Non-carious cervical loss due to abrasion may lead to consequences and symptoms such as increased tooth sensitivity to hot and cold, increased plaque trapping which will result in caries and periodontal disease, and difficulty of dental appliances such as retainers or dentures engaging the tooth.
Abfraction is another type of tooth wear that is postulated to occur with bruxism, although some still argue whether this type of tooth wear is a reality. [15] Abfraction cavities are said to occur usually on the facial aspect of teeth, in the cervical region as V-shaped defects caused by flexing of the tooth under occlusal forces.
Dental attrition is tooth wear caused by tooth to tooth contact. Well-defined wear facets appear on tooth cusps or ridges. This can be caused by several factors, including parafunctional habits such as bruxism or clenching, developmental defects, hard or rough-textured diet, and absence of posterior teeth support.
Abfraction, faceting and possible vertical enamel fracture lesions should also be noted if present. [30] 5) Contacts in ICP. Begin by assessing the incisor and molar relationship as described above. Similarly examine the overbite and overjet. An overbite of 3-5mm [2] and an overjet of 2-3mms are considered to be within the range of normal. [13]
Myelomalacia is a pathological term referring to the softening of the spinal cord. [1] Possible causes of myelomalacia include cervical myelopathy, hemorrhagic infarction, or acute injury, such as that caused by intervertebral disc extrusion.