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The conversion of methylcyclohexane to toluene is a classic aromatization reaction. This platinum (Pt)-catalyzed process is practiced on scale in the production of gasoline from petroleum. [13] It is also one of a host of substances in jet fuel surrogate blends, e.g., for Jet A fuel. [14] [15]
4-Methylcyclohexene is an organic compound consisting of cyclohexene with a methyl group substituent attached to carbon most distant from the alkene group. Two other structural isomers are known: 1-methylcyclohexene and 3-methylcyclohexene.
Structure D (10.8 kcal/mol) is the highest energy transition state of the process. The molecular motions involved in a chair flip are detailed in the figure on the right: The half-chair conformation ( D , 10.8 kcal/mol, C 2 symmetry) is the energy maximum when proceeding from the chair conformer ( A , 0 kcal/mol reference, D 3d symmetry) to the ...
The process flow diagram below depicts a typical semi-regenerative catalytic reforming unit. Schematic diagram of a typical semi-regenerative catalytic reformer unit in a petroleum refinery. The liquid feed (at the bottom left in the diagram) is pumped up to the reaction pressure (5–45 atm) and is joined by a stream of hydrogen-rich recycle gas.
A process flow diagram (PFD) is a diagram commonly used in chemical and process engineering to indicate the general flow of plant processes and equipment. The PFD displays the relationship between major equipment of a plant facility and does not show minor details such as piping details and designations.
ISO 10628 Diagrams for the chemical and petrochemical industry specifies the classification, content, and representation of flow diagrams. It does not apply to electrical engineering diagrams. ISO 10628 consists of the following parts: Part 1: Specification of Diagrams (ISO 10628-1:2014) [1] Part 2: Graphical Symbols (ISO 10628-2:2012)
Therefore, to reduce torsional strain, cyclohexane adopts a three-dimensional structure known as the chair conformation, which rapidly interconvert at room temperature via a process known as a chair flip. During the chair flip, there are three other intermediate conformations that are encountered: the half-chair, which is the most unstable ...
This process coforms cyclohexanone, and this mixture ("KA oil" for ketone-alcohol oil) is the main feedstock for the production of adipic acid. The oxidation involves radicals and the intermediacy of the hydroperoxide C 6 H 11 O 2 H. Alternatively, cyclohexanol can be produced by the hydrogenation of phenol: C 6 H 5 OH + 3 H 2 → C 6 H 11 OH