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  2. Salamis Tablet - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salamis_Tablet

    An early photograph of the Salamis Tablet, 1899. The original is marble and is held by the National Museum of Epigraphy, in Athens. The Salamis Tablet is a marble counting board (an early counting device) dating from around 300 BC, that was discovered on the island of Salamis in 1846.

  3. Abacus - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abacus

    An abacus (pl.: abaci or abacuses), also called a counting frame, is a hand-operated calculating tool which was used from ancient times in the ancient Near East, Europe, China, and Russia, until the adoption of the Hindu–Arabic numeral system. [1] An abacus consists of a two-dimensional array of slidable beads (or similar objects). In their ...

  4. Counting board - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Counting_board

    The counting board is the precursor of the abacus, [1] and the earliest known form of a counting device (excluding fingers and other very simple methods). Counting boards were made of stone or wood, and the counting was done on the board with beads, pebbles etc. [ 2 ] Not many boards survive because of the perishable materials used in their ...

  5. Ancient furniture - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_furniture

    Ancient Greek furniture was typically constructed out of wood, though it might also be made of stone or metal, such as bronze, iron, gold, and silver. Little wood survives from ancient Greece, though varieties mentioned in texts concerning Greece and Rome include maple , oak , beech , yew , and willow . [ 56 ]

  6. Abacus (architecture) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abacus_(architecture)

    Abacus of the Rampurva capital from the time of Emperor Ashoka, 3rd century BCE, India. In śilpaśāstra, the ancient Indian science of sculpture, the abacus is commonly termed as phalaka (or phalakā). [6] It consists of a flat plate and forms part of the standard pillar . The phalaka should be constructed below the potikā ("bracket"). It is ...

  7. Tessera - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tessera

    The oldest known tesserae date to the 3rd millennium BC, discovered in the ancient city of Shahdad in Kerman province, Iran. [citation needed] In early antiquity, mosaics were formed from naturally formed colored pebbles. By roughly 200 BC cut stone tesserae were being used in Hellenistic-Greek mosaics.

  8. Economy of ancient Greece - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_ancient_Greece

    The economy of ancient Greece was defined largely by the region's dependence on imported goods. As a result of the poor quality of Greece 's soil , agricultural trade was of particular importance. The impact of limited crop production was somewhat offset by Greece's paramount location, as its position in the Mediterranean gave its provinces ...

  9. Roman abacus - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_abacus

    Of prime importance, he specifically notes the formats of the semuncia, sicilicus and sextula as used on the Roman bronze abacus, "auf dem chernan abacus". The semuncia is the symbol resembling a capital "S", but he also includes the symbol that resembles a numeral three with horizontal line at the top, the whole rotated 180 degrees.

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