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The cervical mucus plug (CMP) acts as a protective barrier by deterring the passage of bacteria into the uterus, and contains a variety of antimicrobial agents, including immunoglobulins, and similar antimicrobial peptides to those found in nasal mucus.The CMP inhibits the migration of vaginal bacteria towards the uterus, protecting against ...
During dilation, this plug is loosened. It may come out as one piece, or as thick mucus discharge from the vagina. When this occurs, it is an indication that the cervix is beginning to dilate, although not all women will notice this mucus plug being released. Bloody show is another indication that the cervix is dilating. Bloody show usually ...
The mechanisms for penetration and bioactivity of the cervical mucus must be understood to utilize the mucus’s potential as a drug delivery system. [1] Due to the changes in viscosity and water content of the mucus during the stages of the menstrual cycle , this poses a particularly complex consideration. [ 3 ]
Vulvovaginal atrophy is thinning, drying, and inflammation of the vaginal walls that can happen when your body produces less estrogen, most commonly after menopause (usually in women 50 or over ...
Cervical stenosis may be present from birth or may be caused by other factors: Surgical procedures performed on the cervix such as colposcopy, cone biopsy, or a cryosurgery procedure [3] Trauma to the cervix [3] Repeated vaginal infections [3] Atrophy of the cervix after menopause [3] Cervical cancer [1] Radiation [1] Cervical nabothian cysts
During childbirth, women are more likely to develop vaginal introital laxity, eventually leading to the weakening of pelvic floor muscles and may develop urinary symptoms such as OAB. [7] Vaginal introital laxity may also weaken the support structures around the urethra, which is the tube that helps carry urine outside of the body from the ...
"Sometimes we'll have a suspicion based on the length of the cervix in an ultrasound, but most often it's diagnosed after a woman has a second trimester preterm birth or pregnancy loss."
The cervical canal is generally lined by "endocervical mucosa" which consists of a single layer of mucinous columnar epithelium. However, after menopause, the functional squamocolumnar junction moves into the cervical canal, and hence the distal part of the cervical canal may be lined by stratified squamous epithelium (conforming to a "type 3 transformation zone").