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Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is an infection of the vagina caused by excessive growth of bacteria. [ 6 ] [ 12 ] Common symptoms include increased vaginal discharge that often smells like fish. [ 2 ] The discharge is usually white or gray in color. [ 2 ]
Gram stain of cells from the vagina (the same magnification) with normal bacterial flora (top) and the bacteria that cause vaginosis (bottom). A variety of diagnosis techniques are currently available for identifying Gardnerella vaginalis such as the OSOM BV Blue assay, FemExam cards and nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs), resulting in the determination of ongoing BV.
The final group of discharges include the sexually transmitted diseases gonorrhea, chlamydia, and trichomoniasis. The discharge from thrush is slightly pungent and white, that from trichomoniasis more foul and greenish, and that from foreign bodies resembling the discharge of gonorrhea, greyish or yellow and purulent (pus-like).
The advent of new, highly specific, and sensitive trichomoniasis tests presents opportunities for new screening protocols for both men and women. [ 24 ] [ 27 ] Careful planning, discussion, and research are required to determine the cost-efficiency and most beneficial use of these new tests for the diagnosis and treatment of trichomoniasis ...
Normal vaginal flora (left) is predominantly rod-shaped Lactobacilli, whereas in bacterial vaginosis (right) there is an overgrowth of bacteria, which can be of various species. A healthy vaginal microbiome aids in the prevention of bacterial vaginosis, yeast infections and other possible problems by maintaining an acidic pH (< 4.5) that is ...
Chlamydia is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections, affecting about 4.2% of women and 2.7% of men worldwide. [ 4 ] [ 5 ] In 2015, about 61 million new cases occurred globally. [ 11 ] In the United States, about 1.4 million cases were reported in 2014. [ 3 ]
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Bacterial vaginosis is caused by an imbalance of the naturally occurring bacteria in the vagina. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The normally predominant species of Lactobacilli are markedly reduced. [ 3 ] This is the list of organisms that are found in the vagina that are associated with bacterial vaginosis , an infectious disease of the vagina caused by ...