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Radiofrequency ablation (RFA), also called fulguration, [1] is a medical procedure in which part of the electrical conduction system of the heart, tumor, sensory nerves or a dysfunctional tissue is ablated using the heat generated from medium frequency alternating current (in the range of 350–500 kHz).
Radiofrequency thermocoagulation is a thermal pain treatment procedure. For example, percutaneous intradiscal radiofrequency thermocoagulation (PIRFT) involves the placement of an electrode or catheter into the intervertebral disc and applying an alternating radiofrequency current.
Medical applications of radio frequency (RF) energy, in the form of electromagnetic waves (radio waves) or electrical currents, have existed for over 125 years, [1] and now include diathermy, hyperthermy treatment of cancer, electrosurgery scalpels used to cut and cauterize in operations, and radiofrequency ablation. [2]
The patella can also be fractured indirectly. For example, a sudden contraction of the quadriceps muscle in the knee can pull apart the patella. [1] Diagnosis is based on symptoms and confirmed with X-rays. [3] In children an MRI may be required. [3] Treatment may be with or without surgery, depending on the type of fracture. [2]
The McKenzie method is a technique primarily used in physical therapy.It was developed in the late 1950s by New Zealand physiotherapist Robin McKenzie. [1] [2] [3] In 1981 he launched the concept which he called "Mechanical Diagnosis and Therapy (MDT)" – a system encompassing assessment, diagnosis and treatment for the spine and extremities.
Albert Abrams (1863–1924), Photo c. 1900 Radionic instruments. Radionics [1] —also called electromagnetic therapy (EMT) and the Abrams method—is a form of alternative medicine that claims that disease can be diagnosed and treated by applying electromagnetic radiation (EMR), such as radio waves, to the body from an electrically powered device. [2]
Recovery from a reflex syncope episode happens without specific treatment. [2] Prevention of episodes involves avoiding a person's triggers. [2] Drinking sufficient fluids, salt, and exercise may also be useful. [2] [4] If this is insufficient for treating vasovagal syncope, medications such as midodrine or fludrocortisone may be tried. [4]
Knee pain relief of 50% or more following genicular RFA may last from several months to two years, [128] [131] and can be repeated by the same outpatient procedure when pain recurs. [128] Injection of phenol may be used as a neurolytic treatment of sensory knee nerves to relieve chronic pain from knee osteoarthritis. [133] [134]