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For other irregular verbs and their common patterns, see the article on Spanish irregular verbs. The tables include only the "simple" tenses (that is, those formed with a single word), and not the "compound" tenses (those formed with an auxiliary verb plus a non-finite form of the main verb), such as the progressive, perfect, and passive voice.
In the Spanish language there are some verbs with irregular past participles. There are also verbs with both regular and irregular participles, in which the irregular form is most used as an adjective , while the regular form tends to appear after haber to form compound perfect tenses.
Vowel raising appears only in verbs of the third conjugation (-ir verbs), and in this group it affects dormir, morir, podrir (alternative of the more common pudrir) and nearly all verbs which have -e-as their last stem vowel (e.g. sentir, repetir); exceptions include cernir, discernir and concernir (all three diphthongizing, e-ie).
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La estandarización y el regionalismo en el voseo del español argentino (in Spanish) Roca, Luis Alberto (2007). Breve historia del habla cruceña y su mestizaje (in Spanish) Rosenblat, Ángel (2000). El castellano en Venezuela (in Spanish) Toursinov, Antón (2005). Formas pronominales de tratamiento en el español actual de Guatemala
Ayer vio mi madre a mi amigo y le preguntó por su libro or Ayer vio a mi amigo mi madre y le preguntó por su libro = "Yesterday, my mother saw my friend and asked him about his book" In many dependent clauses , the verb is placed before the subject (and thus often VSO or VOS) to avoid placing the verb in final position:
Mi padre estará llegando mañana = "My father will be arriving tomorrow" Mi padre va a llegar mañana = "My father is going to arrive tomorrow" (future with ir) Mi padre llegará mañana = "My father will arrive tomorrow" (future tense) Mi padre está a punto de llegar = "My father is about to arrive" (immediate future with estar a punto)
The auxiliary language Interlingua has some irregular verbs, principally esser "to be", which has an irregular present tense form es "is" (instead of expected esse), an optional plural son "are", an optional irregular past tense era "was/were" (alongside regular esseva), and a unique subjunctive form sia (which can also function as an imperative).