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The first Urdu translation of the Kural text was by Hazrat Suhrawardy, a professor of Urdu Department of Jamal Mohammad College, Tiruchirappalli. [1] It was published by Sahitya Academy in 1965, with a reprint in 1994. The translation is in prose and is not a direct translation from Tamil but based on English translations of the original.
By the turn of the twenty-first century, the Kural had already been translated to more than 37 world languages, [15] with at least 24 complete translations in English language alone, by both native and non-native scholars. By 2014, the Kural had been translated to more than 42 languages, with 57 versions available in English.
'sacred verses'), or shortly the Kural (Tamil: குறள்), is a classic Tamil language text on commoner's morality consisting of 1,330 short couplets, or kurals, of seven words each. [4] The text is divided into three books with aphoristic teachings on virtue , wealth and love , respectively.
Kural, The Great Book of Tiruvalluvar: Madras (Rochouse and Sons Ltd.) Prose: Selections: Translated only select couplets from Books I and II. Reprints in 1937, 1965, and 1973 20: 1942: M. S. Purnalingam Pillai: The Kural in English: Tirunelveli (Sri Kanthimathi Vilasam Press) Prose: Complete: Reprints in 1999 and 2007 by IITS 21: 1946: S. M ...
The Kural is one of the most important forms of classical Tamil language poetry. It is a very short poetic form being an independent couplet complete in 2 lines, the first line consisting of 4 words and the second line consisting of 3.
The Book of Aṟam exclusively deals with virtues independent of the surroundings, including the vital principles of non-violence, moral vegetarianism, veracity, and righteousness. [1] [2] The Book of Aṟam is the most important and the most fundamental book of the Kural. [3] This is revealed in the very order of the book within the Kural ...
The Book of Porul is the second most translated book of the Kural literature after the Book of Aram, and most of the translators of the Kural text have translated the Book of Porul. Some of the earliest translations include those by Father Beschi, Karl Graul, and E. S. Ariel. Beschi translated the book into Latin as "rerum proprietates".
Choudhri Mohammed Naim (born 3 June 1936) is an American scholar of Urdu language and literature. He is currently professor emeritus at the University of Chicago. Naim is the founding editor of both Annual of Urdu Studies and Mahfil (now Journal of South Asian Literature), as well as the author of the definitive textbook for Urdu pedagogy in English.