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  2. Isoperimetric inequality - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isoperimetric_inequality

    The closely related Dido's problem asks for a region of the maximal area bounded by a straight line and a curvilinear arc whose endpoints belong to that line. It is named after Dido, the legendary founder and first queen of Carthage. The solution to the isoperimetric problem is given by a circle and was known already in Ancient Greece. However ...

  3. Isochoric process - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isochoric_process

    An isochoric process is exemplified by the heating or the cooling of the contents of a sealed, inelastic container: The thermodynamic process is the addition or removal of heat; the isolation of the contents of the container establishes the closed system; and the inability of the container to deform imposes the constant-volume condition.

  4. Isomap - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isomap

    Isomap is used for computing a quasi-isometric, low-dimensional embedding of a set of high-dimensional data points. The algorithm provides a simple method for estimating the intrinsic geometry of a data manifold based on a rough estimate of each data point’s neighbors on the manifold. Isomap is highly efficient and generally applicable to a ...

  5. Isometry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isometry

    A global isometry, isometric isomorphism or congruence mapping is a bijective isometry. Like any other bijection, a global isometry has a function inverse. The inverse of a global isometry is also a global isometry. Two metric spaces X and Y are called isometric if there is a bijective isometry from X to Y.

  6. Nash embedding theorems - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nash_embedding_theorems

    The technical statement appearing in Nash's original paper is as follows: if M is a given m-dimensional Riemannian manifold (analytic or of class C k, 3 ≤ k ≤ ∞), then there exists a number n (with n ≤ m(3m+11)/2 if M is a compact manifold, and with n ≤ m(m+1)(3m+11)/2 if M is a non-compact manifold) and an isometric embedding ƒ: M → R n (also analytic or of class C k). [15]

  7. A3 problem solving - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A3_Problem_Solving

    Example of a worksheet for structured problem solving and continuous improvement. A3 problem solving is a structured problem-solving and continuous-improvement approach, first employed at Toyota and typically used by lean manufacturing practitioners. [1] It provides a simple and strict procedure that guides problem solving by workers.

  8. Nash–Moser theorem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nash–Moser_theorem

    In Nash's solution of the isometric embedding problem (as would be expected in the solutions of nonlinear partial differential equations) a major step is a statement of the schematic form "If f is such that () is positive-definite, then for any matrix-valued function which is close to (), there exists with () =."

  9. Thermodynamic diagrams - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermodynamic_diagrams

    The work done in a process is the area beneath the process path on a P-V diagram. Figure 2 If the process is isobaric, then the work done on the piston is easily calculated. For example, if the gas expands slowly against the piston, the work done by the gas to raise the piston is the force F times the distance d.