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The body of the hyoid bone is the central part of the hyoid bone. [clarification needed]At the front, the body is convex and directed forward and upward. It is crossed in its upper half by a well-marked transverse ridge with a slight downward convexity, and in many cases a vertical median ridge divides it into two lateral halves.
These four muscles have different actions, but in general assist in elevating the hyoid bone and widening the esophagus during swallowing.When the two bellies of the digastric contract, they pull upward on the hyoid bone; but if the hyoid is fixed from below, the digastric assists in extreme opening of the mouth such as yawning or taking a large bite of an apple. [1]
The muscle inserts onto the body of hyoid bone at the junction of the body and greater cornu. [ 3 ] The site of insertion is situated immediately superior to that of the superior belly of omohyoid muscle .
Structures that are medial/deep to the hyoglossus are the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX), the stylohyoid ligament and the lingual artery and lingual vein.. The lingual vein passes medial to the hyoglossus.
Medial (towards the midline), formed by the midline of the neck between the mandible and the hyoid bone; Inferior (below), formed by the body of the hyoid bone; Floor is formed by the mylohyoideus; Roof is formed by investing layer of deep cervical fascia
Its anterior surface is in relation with the thyrohyoid muscle, sternohyoid muscle, and omohyoid muscles, and with the body of the hyoid bone. It is pierced by the superior laryngeal nerve . [ 2 ] It is also pierced the superior thyroid artery , where there is a thickening of the membrane.
The mylohyoid muscle elevates the hyoid bone and the tongue. This is particularly important during swallowing and speaking. Alternatively, if other muscles are used to keep the position of the hyoid bone fixed, then the mylohyoid muscle depresses the mandible. [1] It also functions as reinforcing the floor of mouth. [1]
It attaches at the lesser horn of hyoid bone [1] [2] inferiorly, [citation needed] and (the apex of [1]) the styloid process of the temporal bone [1] [2] superiorly. [citation needed] The ligament gives attachment to the superior-most fibres of the middle pharyngeal constrictor muscle. [1]