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  2. Python syntax and semantics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Python_syntax_and_semantics

    Python sets are very much like mathematical sets, and support operations like set intersection and union. Python also features a frozenset class for immutable sets, see Collection types. Dictionaries (class dict) are mutable mappings tying keys and corresponding values. Python has special syntax to create dictionaries ({key: value})

  3. Rose tree - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rose_tree

    In case of a nested list or a nested dictionary value, if p is a pathname that is non-maximal in dom(t), then t(p) = ⊥. [p 2] In particular, a rose tree in the most common "Haskell" sense is just a map from a non-empty prefix-closed and left-sibling-closed set of finite sequences of natural numbers to a set L.

  4. Associative array - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Associative_array

    This technique is simple and fast, with each dictionary operation taking constant time. However, the space requirement for this structure is the size of the entire keyspace, making it impractical unless the keyspace is small. [5] The two major approaches for implementing dictionaries are a hash table or a search tree. [3] [4] [5] [6]

  5. Merge (linguistics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merge_(linguistics)

    In terms of a merge-base theory of language acquisition, complements and specifiers are simply notations for first-merge (read as "complement-of" [head-complement]), and later second-merge (read as "specifier-of" [specifier-head]), with merge always forming to a head. First-merge establishes only a set {a, b} and is not an ordered pair.

  6. Block nested loop - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Block_nested_loop

    A block-nested loop (BNL) is an algorithm used to join two relations in a relational database. [ 1 ] This algorithm [ 2 ] is a variation of the simple nested loop join and joins two relations R {\displaystyle R} and S {\displaystyle S} (the "outer" and "inner" join operands, respectively).

  7. Fold (higher-order function) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fold_(higher-order_function)

    In functional programming, fold (also termed reduce, accumulate, aggregate, compress, or inject) refers to a family of higher-order functions that analyze a recursive data structure and through use of a given combining operation, recombine the results of recursively processing its constituent parts, building up a return value.

  8. Tree (abstract data type) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tree_(abstract_data_type)

    Nested set collections; Hierarchical taxonomies such as the Dewey Decimal Classification with sections of increasing specificity. Hierarchical temporal memory; Genetic programming; Hierarchical clustering; Trees can be used to represent and manipulate various mathematical structures, such as:

  9. Object copying - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Object_copying

    One method of copying an object is the shallow copy.In that case a new object B is created, and the fields values of A are copied over to B. [3] [4] [5] This is also known as a field-by-field copy, [6] [7] [8] field-for-field copy, or field copy. [9]