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It has dimensions (mass / (length × time)), and the corresponding SI unit is the pascal-second (Pa·s). Like other material properties (e.g. density , shear viscosity , and thermal conductivity ) the value of volume viscosity is specific to each fluid and depends additionally on the fluid state, particularly its temperature and pressure .
The pound and pound-force are equivalent; the two systems differ only in how force and mass are defined. In the BG system the pound is a basic unit from which the unit of mass (the slug ) is defined by Newton's Second Law , whereas in the EE system the units of force and mass (the pound-force and pound-mass respectively) are defined ...
Hence a force decomposition according to bodies is possible. General three-dimensional viscous flow For general three-dimensional, viscous and unsteady flow, force formulas are expressed in integral forms. The volume integration of certain flow quantities, such as vorticity moments, is related to forces.
Dimensionless numbers (or characteristic numbers) have an important role in analyzing the behavior of fluids and their flow as well as in other transport phenomena. [1] They include the Reynolds and the Mach numbers, which describe as ratios the relative magnitude of fluid and physical system characteristics, such as density, viscosity, speed of sound, and flow speed.
Volume velocity, volume flux φ V (no standard symbol) = m 3 s −1 [L] 3 [T] −1: Mass current per unit volume: s (no standard symbol) = / kg m −3 s −1 [M] [L] −3 [T] −1: Mass current, mass flow rate: I m
In fluid dynamics, Stokes' law gives the frictional force – also called drag force – exerted on spherical objects moving at very small Reynolds numbers in a viscous fluid. [1] It was derived by George Gabriel Stokes in 1851 by solving the Stokes flow limit for small Reynolds numbers of the Navier–Stokes equations. [2]
Here "standard conditions" refers to temperatures of 25 °C and pressures of 1 atmosphere.Where data points are unavailable for 25 °C or 1 atmosphere, values are given at a nearby temperature/pressure.
How much the volume viscosity contributes to the flow characteristics in e.g. a choked flow such as convergent-divergent nozzle or valve flow is not well known, but the shear viscosity is by far the most utilized viscosity coefficient. The volume viscosity will now be abandoned, and the rest of the article will focus on the shear viscosity.