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Sanballat the Horonite (Hebrew: סַנְבַלַּט Sanḇallaṭ) – or Sanballat I – was a Samaritan leader, official of the Achaemenid Empire, and contemporary of the Israelite leader Nehemiah who lived in the mid-to-late 5th century BC.
Nehemiah 4 is the fourth chapter of the Book of Nehemiah in the Old Testament of the Christian Bible, [1] ... that when Sanballat, and Tobiah, and the Arabians, ...
These texts also document the interactions of the Jews with neighboring figures, including Sanballat the Horonite, likely the governor of Samaria, Tobiah the Ammonite, who likely owned lands in Ammon, and Geshem the Arabian, king of the Qedarites, all of whom opposed Nehemiah's efforts to rebuild Jerusalem. [1]
He incited the Ammonites to hinder Nehemiah's efforts to rebuild Jerusalem. [3] [4] He, along with Sanballat the Horonite and Geshem the Arabian, resorted to a stratagem and, pretending to wish a conference with Nehemiah, invited him to meet them at Ono, Benjamin. Four times they made the request, and every time Nehemiah refused to come.
Sanballat: Governor of Samaria: fl. 445: A leading figure of the opposition which Nehemiah encountered during the rebuilding of the walls around the temple in Jerusalem. Sanballat is mentioned in the Elephantine Papyri. [43] [66] Neh. 2:10, Neh. 13:28: Sargon II: King of Assyria 722–705
Sanballat accuses Nehemiah of planning rebellion against Artaxerxes, and Nehemiah is opposed even by Jewish nobles and prophets, but the wall is completed. Nehemiah appoints officials and sets guards on the wall and gates; he plans to register the Jews, and finds the census of those who had returned earlier.
Sanballat was the name of several governors of Samaria during the Achaemenid and Hellenistic periods: Sanballat the Horonite, or Sanballat I, governed in the mid- to late-5th century BCE; was a contemporary of Nehemiah; Sanballat II, grandson of the former, governed mid-4th century BCE; Sanballat III, governed around the time of Alexander the Great
Eliashib's grandson was married to a relative of Sanballat the Horonite (Neh 13:28) and, while Nehemiah was absent in Babylon, Eliashib had leased the storerooms of the Second Temple to Sanballat's associate Tobiah the Ammonite. When Nehemiah returned he threw Tobiah's furniture out of the temple and drove out Eliashib's grandson (Neh 13:4-9).