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The init system is the first daemon to start (during booting) and the last daemon to terminate (during shutdown). Historically this was the "SysV init", which was just called "init". More recent Linux distributions are likely to use one of the more modern alternatives such as systemd. Below is a summary of the main init processes:
In most systems, the command sysctl -w parameter=1 will enable a certain behavior. This will persist until the next reboot. This will persist until the next reboot. If the behavior should be enabled whenever the system boots, the line parameter =1 can be added/rewritten to the file /etc/sysctl.conf .
systemd is the first daemon to start during booting and the last daemon to terminate during shutdown. The systemd daemon serves as the root of the user space's process tree; the first process (PID 1) has a special role on Unix systems, as it replaces the parent of a process when the original parent terminates. Therefore, the first process is ...
Runit features parallelization of the start up of system services, which can speed up the boot time of the operating system. [4] When running as an init daemon, Runit is the direct or indirect ancestor of all other processes. It is the first process started during booting, and continues running until the system is shut down. It is often used ...
Although systemd is, as of 2016, used by default in most major Linux distributions, runlevels can still be used through the means provided by the sysvinit project. After the Linux kernel has booted, the /sbin/init program reads the /etc/inittab file to determine the behavior for each runlevel.
GRUB 2, elilo and systemd-boot serve as conventional, full-fledged standalone UEFI boot managers (a.k.a. bootloader managers) for Linux. Once loaded by a UEFI firmware, they can access and boot kernel images from all devices, partitions and file systems they support, without being limited to the EFI system partition.
sysv-rc-conf, a TUI utility that selects which SysV-style init scripts will be run in each runlevel. When compared to its predecessors, AT&T's UNIX System III introduced a new style of system startup configuration, [9] which survived (with modifications) into UNIX System V and is therefore called the "SysV-style init".
A bootloader, for example GNU GRUB, LILO, SYSLINUX or systemd-boot. This is a program that loads the Linux kernel into the computer's main memory, by being executed by the computer when it is turned on and after the firmware initialization is performed. An init program, such as the traditional sysvinit and the newer systemd, OpenRC and Upstart.