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Chloride shift (also known as the Hamburger phenomenon or lineas phenomenon, named after Hartog Jakob Hamburger) is a process which occurs in a cardiovascular system and refers to the exchange of bicarbonate (HCO 3 −) and chloride (Cl −) across the membrane of red blood cells (RBCs).
Chloride is an anion in the human body needed for metabolism (the process of turning food into energy). [1] It also helps keep the body's acid-base balance. The amount of serum chloride is carefully controlled by the kidneys. [2] Chloride ions have important physiological roles.
A chloride ion is a structural component of some proteins; for example, it is present in the amylase enzyme. For these roles, chloride is one of the essential dietary mineral (listed by its element name chlorine). Serum chloride levels are mainly regulated by the kidneys through a variety of transporters that are present along the nephron. [19]
[1] [2] [3] Major health and scientific organizations, such as the World Health Organization, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and the American Heart Association, have established high salt consumption as a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and stroke. [4] [5] [6] Dietary salt is also known as sodium chloride. [7]
Parts-per-million cube of relative abundance by mass of elements in an average adult human body down to 1 ppm. About 99% of the mass of the human body is made up of six elements: oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, calcium, and phosphorus. Only about 0.85% is composed of another five elements: potassium, sulfur, sodium, chlorine, and magnesium ...
Goat Cheese, Pecan, and Mixed Green Salad. This premade salad consists of mixed greens, pecans, dried cranberries, bell peppers, tomatoes, red onions, and goat cheese with a honey vinaigrette. The ...
Multiple cars containing vinyl chloride spilled their contents onto the ground, which is suspected of leading to contamination of the water, and the air after a fire. Studying vinyl chloride's ...
This is to maintain the plasma's electrical balance, as the chloride anions have been extracted. The bicarbonate content causes the venous blood leaving the stomach to be more alkaline than the arterial blood delivered to it. The alkaline tide is neutralised by a secretion of H + into the blood during HCO 3 − secretion in the pancreas. [2]