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  2. Phenol - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phenol

    Phenol (also known as carbolic acid, phenolic acid, or benzenol) is an aromatic organic compound with the molecular formula C 6 H 5 OH. [5] It is a white crystalline ...

  3. Electrophilic halogenation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrophilic_halogenation

    A few types of aromatic compounds, such as phenol, will react without a catalyst, but for typical benzene derivatives with less reactive substrates, a Lewis acid is required as a catalyst. Typical Lewis acid catalysts include AlCl 3, FeCl 3, FeBr 3 and ZnCl 2. These work by forming a highly electrophilic complex which is attacked by the benzene ...

  4. Oxidative coupling of phenols - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxidative_coupling_of_phenols

    Oxidative coupling of phenol by VCl 4. Coproducts including vanadium(III) and hydrogen chloride are not shown. Oxidative phenol couplings can occur through either inner sphere or outer sphere processes. In inner sphere processes, the phenolic substrate coordinates to the metal center to give a phenoxide complex.

  5. Halogenation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halogenation

    In chemistry, halogenation is a chemical reaction which introduces one or more halogens into a chemical compound. Halide-containing compounds are pervasive, making this type of transformation important, e.g. in the production of polymers, drugs. [1]

  6. Van der Waals constants (data page) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Van_der_Waals_constants...

    Phenol [2] 22.93 0.1177 Phosphine: 4.692 0.05156 Propane: 8.779 0.08445 1-Propanol [2] 16.26 0.1079 2-Propanol [2] 15.82 0.1109 Propene [2] 8.442 0.0824 Pyridine [2] 19.77 0.1137 Pyrrole [2] 18.82 0.1049 Radon: 6.601 0.06239 Silane: 4.377 0.05786 Silicon tetrafluoride: 4.251 0.05571 Sulfur dioxide: 6.803 0.05636 Sulfur hexafluoride [2] 7.857 0. ...

  7. Bromophenol - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bromophenol

    Chemical structure of 2-bromophenol. A bromophenol is an organic compound consisting of hydroxyl groups and bromine atoms bonded to a benzene ring. They may be viewed as hydroxyl derivatives of bromobenzene, or as brominated derivatives of phenol.

  8. Azeotrope tables - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azeotrope_tables

    This page contains tables of azeotrope data for various binary and ternary mixtures of solvents. The data include the composition of a mixture by weight (in binary azeotropes, when only one fraction is given, it is the fraction of the second component), the boiling point (b.p.) of a component, the boiling point of a mixture, and the specific gravity of the mixture.

  9. Hell–Volhard–Zelinsky halogenation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hell–Volhard–Zelinsky...

    An example of the Hell–Volhard–Zelinsky reaction can be seen in the preparation of alanine from propionic acid.In the first step, a combination of bromine and phosphorus tribromide is used in the Hell–Volhard–Zelinsky reaction to prepare 2-bromopropionic acid, [3] which in the second step is converted to a racemic mixture of the amino acid product by ammonolysis.