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For any waveguide in the form of a hollow metal tube, (such as rectangular guide, circular guide, or double-ridge guide), the wave impedance of a travelling wave is dependent on the frequency , but is the same throughout the guide. For transverse electric modes of propagation the wave impedance is: [2]
In radio-frequency engineering and communications engineering, a waveguide is a hollow metal pipe used to carry radio waves. [1] This type of waveguide is used as a transmission line mostly at microwave frequencies, for such purposes as connecting microwave transmitters and receivers to their antennas, in equipment such as microwave ovens, radar sets, satellite communications, and microwave ...
An impedance step is an example of a device introducing a discontinuity. It is achieved by a step change in the physical dimensions of the waveguide. This results in a step change in the characteristic impedance of the waveguide. The step can be in either the E-plane (change of height) or the H-plane (change of width) of the waveguide. [48]
This description of the waveguide was originally intended for alternating current, but is also suitable for electromagnetic and sound waves, once the wave and material properties (such as pressure, density, dielectric constant) are properly converted into electrical terms (current and impedance for example). [21]: 14 Impedance matching is ...
Marcatili’s method is an approximate analytical method that describes how light propagates through rectangular dielectric optical waveguides. It was published by Enrique Marcatili in 1969. [1] Optical dielectric waveguides guide electromagnetic waves in the optical spectrum (light).
A substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) (also known as post-wall waveguide or laminated waveguide) is a synthetic rectangular electromagnetic waveguide formed in a dielectric substrate by densely arraying metallized posts or via holes that connect the upper and lower metal plates of the substrate.
A magic T consisting of four rectangular waveguides meeting in a single three-dimensional junction. A magic tee (or magic T or hybrid tee) is a hybrid or 3 dB coupler used in microwave systems. [1] It is an alternative to the rat-race coupler.
Optical waveguides with rectangular geometry are produced by a variety of means, usually by a planar process. [citation needed] The field distribution in a rectangular waveguide cannot be solved analytically, however approximate solution methods, such as Marcatili's method, [4] Extended Marcatili's method [5] and Kumar's method, [6] are known.