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Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are a group of growth factors also known as cytokines and as metabologens. [1] Professor Marshall Urist and Professor Hari Reddi discovered their ability to induce the formation of bone and cartilage, BMPs are now considered to constitute a group of pivotal morphogenetic signals, orchestrating tissue architecture throughout the body.
12156 Ensembl ENSG00000125845 ENSMUSG00000027358 UniProt P12643 P21274 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_001200 NM_007553 RefSeq (protein) NP_001191 NP_031579 Location (UCSC) Chr 20: 6.77 – 6.78 Mb Chr 2: 133.39 – 133.4 Mb PubMed search Wikidata View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse Bone morphogenetic protein 2 or BMP-2 belongs to the TGF-β superfamily of proteins. Function BMP-2 like other bone morphogenetic ...
The BMP1 locus encodes a protein that is capable of inducing formation of cartilage in vivo. Although other bone morphogenetic proteins are members of the TGF-beta superfamily, BMP1 encodes a protein that is not closely related to other known growth factors. BMP1 protein and procollagen C proteinase (PCP), a secreted metalloprotease requiring ...
BMPR1B is a member of the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) receptor family of transmembrane serine/threonine kinases. The ligands of this receptor are BMPs, which are members of the TGF-beta superfamily. BMPs are involved in endochondral bone formation and embryogenesis.
Bone morphogenetic protein receptors are serine-threonine kinase receptors. Transforming growth factor beta family proteins bind to these receptors. [ 1 ] There are four bone morphogenetic protein receptors: [ 2 ]
Many proteins have since been described as members of the TGF-β superfamily in a variety of species, including invertebrates as well as vertebrates and categorized into 23 distinct gene types that fall into four major subfamilies: [3] [4] [5] The TGF-β subfamily; The bone morphogenetic proteins and the growth differentiation factors
BMPR2 is expressed on both human and animal granulosa cells, and is a crucial receptor for bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP15) and growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF9). ). These two protein signaling molecules and their BMPR2-mediated effects play an important role in follicle development in preparation for ovulatio
The activation of this pathway has been documented in all cellular types analyzed up to date, including hepatocytes and HCC cells. [18] [19] GDF2 also triggers Smad-2/Smad-3 phosphorylation in different endothelial cell types. [20] [21] Another pathway for GDF2 is the induced non-canonical one. Little is known about this type of pathway in GDF2.