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Braking distance refers to the distance a vehicle will travel from the point when its brakes are fully applied to when it comes to a complete stop. It is primarily affected by the original speed of the vehicle and the coefficient of friction between the tires and the road surface, [Note 1] and negligibly by the tires' rolling resistance and vehicle's air drag.
d MT = braking distance, m (ft) V = design speed, km/h (mph) a = deceleration rate, m/s 2 (ft/s 2) Actual braking distances are affected by the vehicle type and condition, the incline of the road, the available traction, and numerous other factors. A deceleration rate of 3.4 m/s 2 (11.2 ft/s 2) is used to determine stopping sight distance. [6]
A simple graph of car stopping distances: Date: 14 November 2008: ... HYanWong . This W3C-unspecified chart was created with R. using the following commands svg("R ...
Michelin and Brembo agreed to share their real-time tire and brake data for a technology that's claimed to reduce braking distances by up to 13 feet. The agreement covers Michelin's connected ...
For heavy duty commercial vehicles it is recommended 4-6 seconds following distance for speeds under 30 mi/h (48 km/h), and 6-8 seconds following distance for speeds over 30 mi/h (48 km/h). [9] Rear-end collisions are the number one type of traffic collisions .
The braking distance will be approximately 250 m (820 ft) at 100 km/h (62 mph) and 600 m (2,000 ft) at 160 km/h (99 mph). High-speed trains are usually equipped with a magnetic track brake, which can give about 0.3 m/s 2 extra, and give braking distances of about 850 m (2,790 ft) at 200 km/h (120 mph) and 1,900 m (6,200 ft) at 300 km/h (190 mph).
Road slipperiness can be measured either in terms of the friction between a freely-spinning wheel and the ground, or the braking distance of a braking vehicle, and is related to the coefficient of friction between the tyre and the road surface. Public works agencies spend a sizeable portion of their budget measuring and reducing road slipperiness.
The rule is not a guide to safe stopping distance, it is more a guide to reaction times. The two-second rule tells a defensive driver the minimum distance needed to reduce the risk of collision under ideal driving conditions. The allotted two-seconds is a safety buffer, to allow the following driver time to respond.