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not (A or B) = (not A) and (not B) not (A and B) = (not A) or (not B) where "A or B" is an "inclusive or" meaning at least one of A or B rather than an "exclusive or" that means exactly one of A or B. De Morgan's law with set subtraction operation. Another form of De Morgan's law is the following as seen below.
The simplest such equation is u 1 + u 2 + u 3 = 0 for the three variables u 1, u 2 and u 3. An example of this type of nomogram is shown on the right, annotated with terms used to describe the parts of a nomogram. More complicated equations can sometimes be expressed as the sum of functions of the three variables.
Suppose we have samples of two discrete random variables, X and Y.By constructing the joint distribution, P X,Y (x, y), from which we can calculate the conditional distributions, P X|Y (x|y) = P X,Y (x, y)/P Y (y) and P Y|X (y|x) = P X,Y (x, y)/P X (x), and calculating the various entropies, we can determine the degree of association between the two variables.
If A and B are sets and every element of A is also an element of B, then: . A is a subset of B, denoted by , or equivalently,; B is a superset of A, denoted by .; If A is a subset of B, but A is not equal to B (i.e. there exists at least one element of B which is not an element of A), then:
For example, the formula "a AND NOT b" is satisfiable because one can find the values a = TRUE and b = FALSE, which make (a AND NOT b) = TRUE. In contrast, "a AND NOT a" is unsatisfiable. SAT is the first problem that was proven to be NP-complete—this is the Cook–Levin theorem.
In statistics, the Bhattacharyya distance is a quantity which represents a notion of similarity between two probability distributions. [1] It is closely related to the Bhattacharyya coefficient, which is a measure of the amount of overlap between two statistical samples or populations.
The magazine's 1984 review stated that "TK!Solver is superb for solving almost any kind of equation", but that it did not handle matrices, and that a programming language like Fortran or APL was superior for simultaneous solution of linear equations. The magazine concluded that despite limitations, it was a "powerful tool, useful for scientists ...
These results are not subject to round-off error, but they are not accurate unless b 2 is large compared to ac. Excel graph of the difference between two evaluations of the smallest root of a quadratic: direct evaluation using the quadratic formula (accurate at smaller b) and an approximation for widely spaced roots (accurate for larger b). The ...