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Tanned leather. Tanning, or hide tanning, is the process of treating skins and hides of animals to produce leather. A tannery is the place where the skins are processed. Historically, vegetable based tanning used tannin, an acidic chemical compound derived from the bark of certain trees, in the production of leather. An alternative method ...
neutralisation - the pH of the leather is adjusted to a value between 4.5 and 6.5. retanning - additional tanning agents are added to impart properties. dyeing - the leather is coloured. fatliquoring - fats/oils and waxes are fixed to the leather fibres. filling - heavy/dense chemicals that make the leather harder and heavier are added.
Vegetable tannins are estimated to be used for the production of 10–20% of the global leather production. [citation needed] The cost of the final product depends on the method used to extract the tannins, in particular the use of solvents, alkali and other chemicals used (for instance glycerin). For large quantities, the most cost-effective ...
They are used to stably disperse pesticides, dyes, carbon black, and other insoluble solids and liquids into water. As a binder it suppresses dust on unpaved roads. It is also a humectant and a in water treatment. [5] Chemically, it may be used as a tannin for tanning leather and as a feedstock for a variety of products.
Leather is a strong, flexible and durable material obtained from the tanning, or chemical treatment, of animal skins and hides to prevent decay. The most common leathers come from cattle , sheep , goats, equine animals, buffalo, pigs and hogs, and aquatic animals such as seals and alligators.
Lignosulfonates are used in tanning leather, making concrete, drilling mud, drywall and so on. [14] Oxidation of lignosulfonates was used to produce vanillin (artificial vanilla), and this process is still used by one supplier (Borregaard, Norway) while all North American production by this route ceased in the 1990s. [15]
A tanner treating leather in Morocco. Bating is a technical term used in the tanning industry to denote leather that has been treated with hen or pigeon manure, similar to puering (see puer) where the leather has been treated with dog excrement, and which treatment, in both cases, was performed on the raw hide prior to tanning in order to render the skins, and the subsequent leather, soft and ...
Chromium alum is used in the tanning of leather [1] as chromium(III) stabilizes the leather by cross linking the collagen fibers within the leather. [3] However, this application is obsolete because the simpler chromium(III) sulfate is preferred. [2] It was also used in gelatine emulsions in photographic film as hardener. [4]
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