Search results
Results from the WOW.Com Content Network
Scanning probe microscopy (SPM) is a branch of microscopy that forms images of surfaces using a physical probe that scans the specimen. SPM was founded in 1981, with the invention of the scanning tunneling microscope , an instrument for imaging surfaces at the atomic level.
Atomic force microscopy [1] (AFM) is a type of SPM, with demonstrated resolution on the order of fractions of a nanometer, more than 1000 times better than the optical diffraction limit. The information is gathered by "feeling" or "touching" the surface with a mechanical probe.
The Sijil Pelajaran Malaysia (SPM), or the Malaysian Certificate of Education, is a national examination sat for by all Form 5 secondary school students in Malaysia.It is the equivalent of the General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE) of England, Wales and Northern Ireland; the Nationals 4/5 of Scotland; and the GCE Ordinary Level (O Level) of the Commonwealth of Nations.
Chemistry (with Coursework) (Singapore) Yes Yes No Singapore only; available from 2014; Coursework to be phased out from 2018 (to replace one-time practical assessment) syllabus: CIE 5074 Chemistry (Singapore) Yes Yes Exclusive Singapore only; available from 2014; last exam in 2017 CIE 5076 Science (Physics, Chemistry) (Singapore) Yes Yes Yes
The Singapore-Cambridge General Certificate of Education Ordinary Level (or Singapore-Cambridge GCE O-Level) is a GCE Ordinary Level examination held annually in Singapore and is jointly conducted by the Ministry of Education (MOE), Singapore Examinations and Assessment Board (SEAB) and the University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES). [1]
A significant development was the creation by Reading et al. in 2001 [4] of a custom interface that allowed measurements to be made while illuminating the sample from above; this interface focused the infrared beam to a spot of circa 500μm diameter, close to the theoretical maximum [Note 1]. The use of top-down or top-side illumination has the ...
Paper chromatography is a useful technique because it is relatively quick and requires only small quantities of material. Separations in paper chromatography involve the principle of partition. In paper chromatography, substances are distributed between a stationary phase and a mobile phase.
The characterization technique optical microscopy showing the micron scale dendritic microstructure of a bronze alloy. Characterization, when used in materials science, refers to the broad and general process by which a material's structure and properties are probed and measured.