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Protactinium-231 arises naturally from the decay of natural uranium-235, and artificially in nuclear reactors by the reaction 232 Th + n → 231 Th + 2n and the subsequent beta decay of 231 Th. It was once thought to be able to support a nuclear chain reaction, which could in principle be used to build nuclear weapons ; the physicist Walter ...
In crystal form, three conformers occur as hemiacetal dimers with a 1,4-dioxane ring skeleton: Dimerization of lactaldehyde leads to a mixture of stereoisomeric 1,4-dioxanes. In equilibrium solution, negligibly small amounts of the monomer and at least one five-membered ring dimer exist.
All of the remaining radioactive isotopes have half-lives less than 1.6 days, and the majority of these have half-lives less than 1.8 seconds. This element also has five meta states , 217m Pa (t 1/2 1.15 milliseconds), 220m1 Pa (t 1/2 = 308 nanoseconds), 220m2 Pa (t 1/2 = 69 nanoseconds), 229m Pa (t 1/2 = 420 nanoseconds), and 234m Pa (t 1/2 ...
acf 3 + 2 nh 3 + h 2 o → acof + 2 nh 4 f Actinium trichloride is obtained by reacting actinium hydroxide or oxalate with carbon tetrachloride vapors at temperatures above 960 °C (1,760 °F). Similarly to the oxyfluoride, actinium oxychloride can be prepared by hydrolyzing actinium trichloride with ammonium hydroxide at 1,000 °C (1,830 °F).
However, the 231 Pa (with a half-life of 3.27 × 10 4 years) formed via (n,2n) reactions with 232 Th (yielding 231 Th that decays to 231 Pa), while not a transuranic waste, is a major contributor to the long-term radiotoxicity of spent nuclear fuel. While 231 Pa can in principle be converted back to 232
Only 0.2% of denied claims are appealed by patients. Andrew Witty, CEO, UnitedHealth Group, testifies during the Senate Finance Committee hearing, on Wednesday, May 1, 2024.
From January 2008 to September 2011, if you bought shares in companies when Charles M. Rampacek joined the board, and sold them when he left, you would have a 32.8 percent return on your investment, compared to a -18.0 percent return from the S&P 500.
For gases, departure from 3 R per mole of atoms is generally due to two factors: (1) failure of the higher quantum-energy-spaced vibration modes in gas molecules to be excited at room temperature, and (2) loss of potential energy degree of freedom for small gas molecules, simply because most of their atoms are not bonded maximally in space to ...