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A MOSFET version of Figure 3 is shown in Figure 4, where MOSFETs M 3 and M 4 operate in ohmic mode to play the same role as emitter resistors R E in Figure 3, and MOSFETs M 1 and M 2 operate in active mode in the same roles as mirror transistors Q 1 and Q 2 in Figure 3. An explanation follows of how the circuit in Figure 3 works.
The mirror circuit of Fig. 5 forces the drain current of M1 to equal the input current and the output configuration assures that the output current equals the drain current of M2. Expanding equation (8) in a two-variable Taylor series about i D 1 {\displaystyle \scriptstyle i_{D1}} and truncating after the first linear term, leads to an ...
The use of a cascode (sometimes verbified to cascoding) is a common technique for improving analog circuit performance, applicable to both vacuum tubes and transistors.The name "cascode" was coined in an article written by Frederick Vinton Hunt and Roger Wayne Hickman in 1939, in a discussion on the application of voltage stabilizers. [3]
One trick is to add a common-gate (current-follower) stage to make a cascode circuit. The current-follower stage presents a load to the common-source stage that is very small, namely the input resistance of the current follower (R L ≈ 1 / g m ≈ V ov / (2I D) ; see common gate). Small R L reduces C M. [2]
To design the mirror, the output current must be related to the two resistor values R 1 and R 2. A basic observation is that the output transistor is in active mode only so long as its collector-base voltage is non-zero. Thus, the simplest bias condition for design of the mirror sets the applied voltage V A to equal the base voltage V B.
List of free analog and digital electronic circuit simulators, available for Windows, macOS, Linux, and comparing against UC Berkeley SPICE.The following table is split into two groups based on whether it has a graphical visual interface or not.
Euclid is a CAD software which has been developed since 1970. Initially written by Jean Marc Brun and Michel Théron at Laboratoire d'informatique pour la mécanique et les sciences de l'ingénieur (LIMSI) for modelling fluid flow, they founded their own company, Datavision in 1979, and then sold a controlling interest in 1980 to the French company Matra Datavision.
Omegatron--no, the driver wouldn't have to be another current mirror. Many control devices provide a control current--not voltage. The National Semiconductor LM334, for example, is a temperature dependent current source. It puts out a current linearly proportional to temperature (in K). The current mirror prevents loading of such devices.