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Thus, the load current is constant (neglecting the output resistance of the transistor due to the Early effect) and the circuit operates as a constant current source. As long as the temperature remains constant (or doesn't vary much), the load current will be independent of the supply voltage, R1 and the transistor's gain.
A generator in electrical circuit theory is one of two ideal elements: an ideal voltage source, or an ideal current source. [1] These are two of the fundamental elements in circuit theory. Real electrical generators are most commonly modelled as a non-ideal source consisting of a combination of an ideal source and a resistor.
Most analysis methods calculate the voltage and current values for static networks, which are circuits consisting of memoryless components only but have difficulties with complex dynamic networks. In general, the equations that describe the behaviour of a dynamic circuit are in the form of a differential-algebraic system of equations (DAEs).
The open-circuit saturation curve (also open-circuit characteristic, OCC) of a synchronous generator is a plot of the output open circuit voltage as a function of the excitation current or field. The curve is typically plotted alongside the synchronous impedance curve .
Also well known are the Norton and Thévenin equivalent current generator and voltage generator circuits respectively, as is the Y-Δ transform. None of these are discussed in detail here; the individual linked articles should be consulted. The number of equivalent circuits that a linear network can be transformed into is unbounded.
Current in the reference transistor Q 1 is held constant, thereby fixing the compliance voltage. Plots assume I C1 = 10 mA, V A = 50 V, V CC = 5 V, I S = 10 fA, β 1, = 100 independently of current. The current dependence of the resistances r π and r O is discussed in the article hybrid-pi model. The current dependence of the resistor values is:
Current mode logic (CML), or source-coupled logic (SCL), is a digital design style used both for logic gates and for board-level digital signaling of digital data. The basic principle of CML is that current from a constant current generator is steered between two alternate paths depending on whether a logic zero or logic one is being represented.
Smith chart with graphical construction for analysis of a lumped circuit. The analysis starts with a Z Smith chart looking into R 1 only with no other components present. As R 1 = 50 Ω {\displaystyle R_{1}=50\ \Omega \,} is the same as the system impedance, this is represented by a point at the centre of the Smith chart.