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Turnitin, an internet-based plagiarism detection service, emerged as a digital platform in 1995 and quickly dominated the market. [80] Turnitin serves more than 30 million students worldwide across over 10,000 institutions in 135 countries, and has been utilized by over 1.6 million instructors. [81]
A plagiarism concern arises when there is evidence of systematic copying of the diction of one or more sources across multiple sentences or paragraphs. In addition, when dealing with non-free sources, be sure that any appropriated creative expressions are marked as quotations.
Direct evidence of actual copying by a defendant rarely exists, so plaintiffs must often resort to indirectly proving copying. [1] [page needed] Typically, this is done by first showing that the defendant had access to the plaintiff's work and that the degree of similarity between the two works is so striking or substantial that the similarity could only have been caused by copying, and not ...
Citation analysis to detect plagiarism is a relatively young concept. It has not been adopted by commercial software, but a first prototype of a citation-based plagiarism detection system exists. [28] Similar order and proximity of citations in the examined documents are the main criteria used to compute citation pattern similarities.
Facts cannot be copyrighted. Titles of people or publications cannot be copyrighted. Text and illustrations prepared by the U.S. government are not copyrighted; they are in the public domain and can be used without permission, but to avoid plagiarism a citation is required indicating their source.
Selle v. Gibb, 741 F.2d 896 (7th Cir. 1984) was a landmark ruling on the doctrine of striking similarities.The U.S. Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit ruled that while copying must be proved by access and substantial similarity, where evidence of access does not exist, striking similarities may raise an inference of copying by showing that the work could not have been the result of ...
Unattributed plagiarism, where you copy text and don't credit the author. Plagiarism of cited sources, where you copy text exactly (even when you credit the author). Close paraphrasing, where you just slightly change the text of another author (cited or not). Read more detail about copying text from other sources.
Citation-based plagiarism detection (CbPD) [36] relies on citation analysis, and is the only approach to plagiarism detection that does not rely on the textual similarity. [37] CbPD examines the citation and reference information in texts to identify similar patterns in the citation sequences. As such, this approach is suitable for scientific ...
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