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groups: Prints the groups of which the user is a member hostid: Prints the numeric identifier for the current host id: Prints real or effective UID and GID: link: Creates a link to a file logname: Print the user's login name nice: Modifies scheduling priority nohup: Allows a command to continue running after logging out nproc: Queries the ...
Return the user's login name 4.4BSD lp: Text processing Mandatory Send files to a printer System V ls: Filesystem Mandatory List directory contents Version 1 AT&T UNIX m4: Misc Mandatory Macro processor PWB UNIX mailx: Misc Mandatory Process messages Version 1 AT&T UNIX make: Programming Optional (SD) Maintain, update, and regenerate groups of ...
Unix-like operating systems identify a user by a value called a user identifier, often abbreviated to user ID or UID. The UID, along with the group identifier (GID) and other access control criteria, is used to determine which system resources a user can access.
The Single UNIX Specification (SUS) specifies that who should list information about accessible users. The XSI extension also specifies that the data of the username, terminal, login time, process ID, and time since last activity occurred on the terminal, furthermore, an alternate system database used for user information can be specified as an optional argument to who.
After authentication, and if the configuration file permits the user access, the system invokes the requested command. sudo retains the user's invocation rights through a grace period (typically 5 minutes) per pseudo terminal, allowing the user to execute several successive commands as the requested user without having to provide a password again.
CLIs are made possible by command-line interpreters or command-line processors, which are programs that read command lines and carry out the commands. Alternatives to CLIs include GUIs (most notably desktop metaphors with a mouse pointer , such as Microsoft Windows ), text-based user interface menus (such as DOS Shell and IBM AIX SMIT ), and ...
The command su, including the Unix permissions system and the setuid system call, was part of Version 1 Unix.Encrypted passwords appeared in Version 3. [5] The command is available as a separate package for Microsoft Windows as part of the UnxUtils collection of native Win32 ports of common GNU Unix-like utilities.
The Unix and Linux access rights flags setuid and setgid (short for set user identity and set group identity) [1] allow users to run an executable with the file system permissions of the executable's owner or group respectively and to change behaviour in directories. They are often used to allow users on a computer system to run programs with ...