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The history of the Philippines from 1565 to 1898 is known as the Spanish colonial period, during which the Philippine Islands were ruled as the Captaincy General of the Philippines within the Spanish East Indies, initially under the Viceroyalty of New Spain, based in Mexico City, until the independence of the Mexican Empire from Spain in 1821.
Many Luzones chose Malacca as their base of operations because of its strategic importance. When the Portuguese finally took Malacca in 1512, the resident Luzones held important government posts in the former sultanate. They were also large-scale exporters and ship owners that regularly sent junks to China, Brunei, Sumatra, Siam and Sunda.
Reception of the Manila galleon by the Chamorro in the Ladrones Islands, Boxer Codex (c. 1590). With the Portuguese guarding access to the Indian Ocean around the Cape, a monopoly supported by papal bulls and the Treaty of Tordesillas, Spanish contact with the Far East waited until the success of the 1519–1522 Magellan–Elcano expedition that found a Southwest Passage around South America ...
It took at least four months to sail across the Pacific Ocean from Manila to Acapulco, and the galleons were the main link between the Philippines and the viceregal capital at Mexico City and thence to Spain itself. Many of the so-called "Kastilas" or Spaniards in the Philippines were actually of Mexican descent, and the Hispanic culture of the ...
The Philippines, [f] officially the Republic of the Philippines, [g] is an archipelagic country in Southeast Asia. In the western Pacific Ocean , it consists of 7,641 islands , with a total area of roughly 300,000 square kilometers, which are broadly categorized in three main geographical divisions from north to south: Luzon , Visayas , and ...
Among the nobility were leaders called datus, responsible for ruling autonomous groups called barangay or dulohan. [6] When these barangays banded together, either to form a larger settlement [ 6 ] or a geographically looser alliance group, [ 7 ] the more esteemed among them would be recognized as a "paramount datu", [ 6 ] [ 18 ] rajah , or ...
In 1601, Pedro Bravo de Acuña was appointed Governor-General of the Philippines. [14] While still in New Spain (modern-day Mexico), he conceived a plan to capture Ternate. His objectives were multifaceted: Religious Goals: Restore and spread Catholicism in the Moluccas. Economic Interests: Gain control over the clove trade to boost Spanish ...
During the siege, the Spanish lost three officers, two sergeants, 50 troops of the line, and 30 militiamen, besides many wounded. Among the Filipino troops, there were 300 killed and 400 wounded. The British suffered 147 killed and wounded, [8] [9] of whom sixteen were officers. The British fleet expended more than 20,000 cannonballs and 5,000 ...