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Cereals are grasses, in the Poaceae family, that produce edible grains. A cereal grain is botanically a caryopsis, a fruit where the seed coat is fused with the pericarp. [18] [19] Grasses have stems that are hollow except at the nodes and narrow alternate leaves borne in two ranks. [20] The lower part of each leaf encloses the stem, forming a ...
Wheat bran structure (E: outer layer; I: intermediate layer; A: aleurone layer) Bran, also known as miller's bran, is the component of a cereal grain consisting of the hard layers - the combined aleurone and pericarp - surrounding the endosperm. Corn (maize) bran also includes the pedicel (tip cap). [1]
An assortment of different caryopses. Wheat spikelet with the three anthers sticking out. Caryopsis cross-section. In botany, a caryopsis (pl. caryopses) is a type of simple fruit—one that is monocarpellate (formed from a single carpel) and indehiscent (not opening at maturity) [1] and resembles an achene, except that in a caryopsis the pericarp is fused with the thin seed coat.
The ease of storing wheat and other cereals led farming households to become gradually more reliant on it over time, especially after they developed individual storage facilities that were large enough to hold more than a year's supply. [39] Wheat grain was stored after threshing, with the chaff removed. [39]
Detailed illustration of the different parts constituting a wheat kernel. The germ of a cereal grain is the part that develops into a plant; [1] it is the seed embryo. [2] Along with bran, germ is often a by-product of the milling [3] that produces refined grain products.
Maize / m eɪ z / (Zea mays), also known as corn in North American English, is a tall stout grass that produces cereal grain.It was domesticated by indigenous peoples in southern Mexico about 9,000 years ago from wild teosinte.
Barley (Hordeum vulgare), a member of the grass family, is a major cereal grain grown in temperate climates globally. It was one of the first cultivated grains; it was domesticated in the Fertile Crescent around 9000 BC, giving it nonshattering spikelets and making it much easier to harvest. Its use then spread throughout Eurasia by 2000 BC ...
A whole grain is a grain of any cereal and pseudocereal that contains the endosperm, germ, and bran, in contrast to refined grains, which retain only the endosperm. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] As part of a general healthy diet , consumption of whole grains is associated with lower risk of several diseases.