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Contra proferentem (Latin: "against [the] offeror"), [1] also known as "interpretation against the draftsman", is a doctrine of contractual interpretation providing that, where a promise, agreement or term is ambiguous, the preferred meaning should be the one that works against the interests of the party who provided the wording.
Right of a third-party beneficiary to sue in order to enforce a third-party contract, i.e. the opposite of privity of contract. ius retentionis: right of retaining Lien (possessory) ius variandi: right of varying Free choice of court actions where concurrent actions lie, e.g. tort and criminal, or tort and breach of contract. laesio enormis ...
Unconscionability (sometimes known as unconscionable dealing/conduct in Australia) is a doctrine in contract law that describes terms that are so extremely unjust, or overwhelmingly one-sided in favor of the party who has the superior bargaining power, that they are contrary to good conscience.
The Four Corners Rule is a legal doctrine that courts use to determine the meaning of a written instrument such as a contract, will, or deed as represented solely by its textual content. The doctrine states that where there is an ambiguity of terms, the Court must rely on the written instrument solely and cannot consider extraneous evidence.
Business efficacy: The implied term must be necessary for the business efficacy of the contract. For instance, if the term simply causes the contract to operate better, that does not fit this criterion. This is the principle laid out in The Moorcock. [18]
In a unilateral contract, acceptance may not have to be communicated and can be accepted through conduct by performing the act. [11] Nonetheless, the person performing the act must do it in reliance on the offer. [12] A unilateral contract differs from a bilateral contract, where there is an exchange of promises between two parties. For example ...
The word crony first appeared in 17th-century London, according to the Oxford English Dictionary; it is believed to be derived from the Greek word χρόνιος (chronios), meaning ' long term '. [4] A less likely but oft-quoted source is the supposed Irish term Comh-Roghna, which translates as ' close pals, mutual friends '. [citation needed]
Where a contract or term is voidable, the party entitled to avoid may either conditionally or unconditionally choose to affirm the contract or term as outlined in Article 3.2.9 of the Principles which states that "if the party entitled to avoid the contract expressly or impliedly confirms the contract after the period of time for giving notice ...