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The most famous victory ever won by Plains Indians over the United States, the Battle of Little Bighorn, in 1876, was won by the Lakota (Sioux) and Cheyenne fighting on the defensive. [5]: 20 Although they could be tenacious in defense, Plains Native American warriors took the offensive mostly for material gain and individual prestige.
The Sioux Wars were a series of conflicts between the United States and various subgroups of the Sioux people which occurred in the later half of the 19th century. The earliest conflict came in 1854 when a fight broke out at Fort Laramie in Wyoming, when Sioux warriors killed 31 American soldiers in the Grattan Massacre, and the final came in 1890 during the Ghost Dance War.
The Lakota, also called Teton (Thítȟuŋwaŋ; possibly "dwellers on the prairie"), are the westernmost Sioux, known for their Plains Indians hunting and warrior culture. With the arrival of the horse in the 18th century, the Lakota become a powerful tribe on the Northern Plains by the 1850s.
Indian warriors had traditionally fought for individual prestige, rather than strategic objectives, although Crazy Horse seems to have instilled in the Sioux some sense of collective endeavor. The Cheyenne were the most centralized and best organized of the Plains Indians .
A chief of the Oglala Lakota, he was one of several Lakota leaders who opposed the American settlement of the Great Plains winning a short-lived victory against the U.S. Army during Red Cloud's War. Red Jacket: c. 1750–1830 1770s–1790s Seneca: Major Ridge: c. 1771–1839 1790s–1830s Cherokee: Sakayengwaraton: 1792–1886 1810s Mohawk: Shingas
Early French sources call the Lakota Sioux with an additional modifier, such as Sioux of the West, West Schious, Sioux des prairies, Sioux occidentaux, Sioux of the Meadows, Nadooessis of the Plains, Prairie Indians, Sioux of the Plain, Maskoutens-Nadouessians, Mascouteins Nadouessi, and Sioux nomades. Lakota beaded saddle belt, made c. 1850
[8]: 63 Little Crow and a group of 150 to 250 followers fled to the northern plains of Dakota Territory and Canada. [11] [12]: 83 During the war, Dakota men attacked and killed over 500 white settlers, causing thousands to flee the area [13]: 107 and took hundreds of "mixed-blood" and white hostages, almost all women and children.
Ledger drawing of a mounted Cheyenne warrior counting coup with lance on a dismounted Crow warrior, 1880s. Among the Plains Indians of North America, counting coup (/ k uː /) (“coup“ is french for “blow” or “shock”) is the warrior tradition of winning prestige against an enemy in battle. It is one of the traditional ways of showing ...